Carbohydrate mobilization following shoot defoliation and decapitation in hybrid poplar.

The effects of shoot defoliation, decapitation, and disbudding on carbon mobilization were investigated in rooted cuttings of Populus maximowiczii x nigra L. 'MN9'. Ten days after complete shoot defoliation or decapitation, the stem starch concentration of treated plants declined to one-half that of intact plants, and there were similar or greater reductions in the concentrations of glucose, fructose, sucrose, galactose, and shikimic acid.

Increased proliferation, cytotoxicity, and gene expression after stimulation of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes through a surface ganglioside (GD3).

Previous studies have suggested that gangliosides have an important role in cell signaling and recognition. However, their specific function in these processes has not been clearly defined. A mAb, R24, that reacts specifically with a cell surface ganglioside (GD3) has been demonstrated to stimulate proliferation of T cells derived from human peripheral blood.

Site-specific transgene insertion: an approach.

Methods to improve the production of transgenic animals are being developed. Conventional transgenesis, involving microinjection of DNA into fertilized eggs, has a number of limitations. These result from the inability to control both the site of transgene insertion and the number of gene copies inserted.

The genetics of 5S rRNA encoding multigene families in barley.

Two loci containing genes encoding 5S rRNA were mapped on the second and third chromosomes of barley. The two gene clusters located on different chromosomes differed in the length of the nontranscribed spacer separating the 5S rRNA genes. All nontranscribed spacers contained a variable number of trinucleotide tandem repeats.

Quantitative trait locus effects and environmental interaction in a sample of North American barley germ plasm.

Quantitative trait locus (QTL) and QTL x environment (E) interaction effects for agronomic and malting quality traits were measured using a 123-point linkage map and multi-environment phenotype data from an F1-derived doubled haploid population of barley (Hordeum vulgare). The QTL × E interactions were due to differences in magnitude of QTL effects. Highly significant QTL effects were found for all traits at multiple sites in the genome.

Influence of photoperiod and temperature on frost hardiness and free amino acid concentrations in black spruce seedlings.

We investigated the effects of a 4-week exposure to an 8-h or 18-h photoperiod at 5 or 25 degrees C on the development of hardiness to -20 degrees C and the accumulation of proline (Pro), arginine (Arg) and tryptophan (Trp) in shoots of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.

A molecular, isozyme and morphological map of the barley (Hordeum vulgare) genome.

A map of the barley genome consisting of 295 loci was constructed. These loci include 152 cDNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), 114 genomic DNA RFLP, 14 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), five isozyme, two morphological, one disease resistance and seven specific amplicon polymorphism (SAP) markers. The RFLP-identified loci include 63 that were detected using cloned known function genes as probes.

Variability among members of the Hor-2 multigene family.

The hordeins comprise the major prolamin storage proteins of barley. Two major and one minor gene families encode these alcohol-soluble proteins. The Hor-2 gene family encoding the B-hordeins has been estimated to contain 15-30 copies.

The truncation that generated the v-cbl oncogene reveals an ability for nuclear transport, DNA binding and acute transformation.

The v-cbl oncogene is the transforming gene of the murine Cas NS-1 retrovirus which induces pre-B cell lymphomas and myeloid leukaemias. Sequencing of c-cbl has revealed that v-cbl was generated by a large truncation that removed 60% of the C-terminus of the corresponding protein. In this study we prepared antibodies to cbl and found that c-cbl encodes a 120 kDa protein which is localized in the cytoplasm with a cytosolic and cytoskeletal distribution.

Quantitative trait loci on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) chromosome 7 associated with components of winterhardiness.

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling traits associated with winterhardiness in barley (field survival, LT50, growth habit, and crown fructan content) were mapped to chromosome 7 in a population of 100 F1-derived doubled haploid lines. The largest QTL effects for all traits were detected in a 21% recombination interval on the long arm of chromosome 7. QTL in this region accounted for 37-68% of the variation for three measures of cold tolerance, 47% of the variation for growth habit, and 28% of the variation in crown fructan content.

A single administration of LFA-1 antibody confers prolonged allograft survival.

C57BL/6 (B6) thyroid gland transplanted to the left kidney capsule of an allogeneic (BALB/c) host was typically rejected in 14 days. A single administration of 500 micrograms of an antibody to the adhesion molecule, leucocyte function-associated antigen (LFA-1, CD11a), prevented all thyroid allograft rejection for at least 70 days. Fifty percent of the treated recipients retained intact allografts for 470 days.

Sequence-tagged-site-facilitated PCR for barley genome mapping.

Speed, efficiency, and safety considerations have led many genome mapping projects to evaluate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequence amplification as an alternative to Southern blot analysis. However, the availability of informative primer sequences can be a limiting factor in PCR-based mapping. An alternative to random amplified polymorphism detection (RAPD) is the sequence-tagged-site (STS) approach.

A rearrangement of the c-cbl proto-oncogene in HUT78 T-lymphoma cells results in a truncated protein.

The murine Cas NS-1 retrovirus carries the v-cbl oncogene and induces pro-B, pre-B and myeloid tumors in mice inoculated at birth. The human homolog of v-cbl is located on chromosome 11q23.3, which is in the region of translocation breakpoints in a range of acute leukemias.

The infant mortality rate at Cherbourg aboriginal community: an update.

The infant mortality rate (IMR) at Cherbourg Aboriginal Community in south-eastern Queensland remained high from 1906 to about 1955-60, but since then has dropped from over 200/1000 live births in 1956-60 to 16/1000 live births in 1986-90, compared with the 1987 rate for Queensland (9.2/1000) and Australia (8.6/1000).

The sequences of the human and mouse c-cbl proto-oncogenes show v-cbl was generated by a large truncation encompassing a proline-rich domain and a leucine zipper-like motif.

The murine Cas NS-1 retrovirus carries the v-cbl oncogene and induces pre-B cell lymphomas and myeloid leukemias. The cellular homolog of v-cbl has been identified in mouse and human DNA, and was recently mapped to mouse chromosome 9 and human chromosome 11q23. To determine the coding sequences of the human and mouse c-cbl proto-oncogenes cDNA clones were isolated from libraries prepared from the human T cell leukemia lines CCRF-CEM and HUT 78, and the mouse pre-B cell line 70Z/3.

A partial map of the barley genome incorporating restriction fragment length polymorphism, polymerase chain reaction, isozyme, and morphological marker loci.

Nine low copy number genomic DNA clones, a ribosomal sequence, and seven cDNA clones were found to identify polymorphisms in cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). An F2 population consisting of 100 plants was produced from a cross between a high-yielding two-rowed feed barley cultivar and a genetic marker stock homozygous for nine recessive and one dominant morphological marker genes.

Metabolism of temelastine (SK&F 93944) in hepatocytes from rat, dog, cynomolgus monkey and man.

A species comparison of the metabolic pathways of temelastine has been made using hepatocyte preparations from rat, dog, cynomolgus monkey, and man. Metabolites and unchanged temelastine were separated by HPLC and were compared with authentic standards by retention. The characteristic UV spectra of SK&F 93944 and its metabolites aided in the preliminary identification of metabolites in hepatocyte incubates, subsequently confirmed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS).

The structural identification of drug metabolites using thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.

The structural identification of drug metabolites has been carried out using thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). It has allowed the direct analysis of biological samples, in this case in vitro hepatocyte incubations, with the minimum of sample preparation. The technique also provided molecular weight information on several conjugates including glucuronides, a glutathione conjugate and one unidentified conjugate.

The analysis and characterization of isomeric metabolites of temelastine by the combined use of thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.

This paper describes the development and application of a combined thermospray liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric and liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric method for distinguishing between five isomeric metabolites of Temelastine, comprising four hydroxylated metabolites and one N-oxide. The method allows the unambiguous characterization of all of the isomers either on their own or in the presence of each other. Clear results were obtained for the characterization of these metabolites in biological samples.

Rapid structural analysis of the in vitro and in vivo metabolism of SK & F 95448 by the combined use of thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.

The thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) interface has had a major impact on the direct analysis of the metabolic fate of xenobiotics in complex biological media. This paper outlines the rapidity and power of the LC/MS approach, and shows how detailed structural information can be obtained without recourse to individual compound isolation. This provides a great saving in time and effort.

Application of thermospray liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the identification of cynomolgus monkey and human metabolites of SK & F 101468, a dopamine D2 receptor agonist.

A combination of thermospray liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and LC MS MS has allowed the structural elucidation of a number of metabolites of 4-[2-(dipropylamino)ethyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (SK & F 101468) in monkey urine. By using LC-MS-MS with the third quadrupole (Q3) set up in multiple ion detection (MID) mode, a number of metabolites were subsequently detected in the human urine and plasma samples despite very low dosing regimes. This was achieved with minimal sample preparation, e.