An Unusual Case of Microcystic Serous Cystadenoma in a 19-Year-Old Male Patient.

Introduction: Microcystic serous cystadenomas are uncommon, benign neoplasms rarely known to progress to malignancy. They are typically asymptomatic and inadvertently discovered during imaging for another unrelated condition. When discovered, they are commonly found in females over 60 years of age.

EPINEST, an agent-based model to simulate epidemic dynamics in large-scale poultry production and distribution networks.

The rapid intensification of poultry production raises important concerns about the associated risks of zoonotic infections. Here, we introduce EPINEST (EPIdemic NEtwork Simulation in poultry Transportation systems): an agent-based modelling framework designed to simulate pathogen transmission within realistic poultry production and distribution networks. We provide example applications to broiler production in Bangladesh, but the modular structure of the model allows for easy parameterization to suit specific countries and system configurations.

Discovery of Potent Pyrazoline-Based Covalent SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors.

While vaccines and antivirals are now being deployed for the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, we require additional antiviral therapeutics to not only effectively combat SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, but also future coronaviruses. All coronaviruses have relatively similar genomes that provide a potential exploitable opening to develop antiviral therapies that will be effective against all coronaviruses. Among the various genes and proteins encoded by all coronaviruses, one particularly "druggable" or relatively easy-to-drug target is the coronavirus Main Protease (3CL or Mpro), an enzyme that is involved in cleaving a long peptide translated by the viral genome into its individual protein components that are then assembled into the virus to enable viral replication in the cell.

Antibiotic usage practices and its drivers in commercial chicken production in Bangladesh.

Irrational and inappropriate use of antibiotics in commercial chicken production can contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance. We aimed to assess antibiotic usage in commercial chicken production in Bangladesh, and identify factors associated with this practice. We conducted a large-scale cross-sectional study to collect information on antibiotic usage in commercial chickens from January to May 2021.

An old disk still capable of forming a planetary system.

From the masses of the planets orbiting the Sun, and the abundance of elements relative to hydrogen, it is estimated that when the Solar System formed, the circumstellar disk must have had a minimum mass of around 0.01 solar masses within about 100 astronomical units of the star. (One astronomical unit is the Earth-Sun distance.

A new method for the artificial raising of infant rats: the palate cannula.

Chronic removal of infant rats from their mother prior to the onset of weaning is complicated by the fact that young rats do not easily suckle from an artificial nipple. Thus, a method of artificial raising is advantageous for developmental investigations of nutrition or ingestive behaviors during the suckling period. The intragastric cannula has become a popular method for this purpose.

Absorption and transport of milk calcium by infant rats.

All previous studies of Ca absorption in the developing animal have used simple salts of Ca. The aims of the current study are 1) to determine the predominant form of Ca in rat milk and 2) to compare the absorption of milk Ca and CaCl2. In vivo-labeled rat milk was obtained by injecting lactating dams with 45CaCl2.

Control of protein intake in the young rat.

Both adult and weanling rats are able to control their dietary intake of protein. The purposes of the current study were to determine: the precision of this ability in the weanling rat and when this ability makes its ontogenic appearance. We studied three overlapping age groups spanning the third, fourth and fifth postnatal weeks.

Basis for lactose aversion in the weanling rat.

As reported previously, weanling rats will choose to consume more of a liquid diet composed of 12% lactose (low-L) than of an isocaloric liquid diet composed of 47% lactose (high-L) despite the greater sweetness of the latter diet. To investigate the basis for this, saccharin was added to the high-L diet to overwhelm any unpalatable qualities. The results of several choice tests indicate that pups initially prefer the saccharin-sweetened diet.

Effect of propylthiouracil dose on serum thyroxine, growth, and weaning in young rats.

The antithyroid drug propylthiouracil (PTU) is a potent inducer of hypothyroidism in the rat. To evaluate the effects of PTU on serum thyroxine (T4) concentration, growth, and weaning progression during development, five doses of PTU (0.0001, 0.

Role of dietary preferences in the weaning pattern of the rat.

Weaning in the rat begins on postnatal day 17 and is completed by day 26. To evaluate the contribution of dietary preferences and/or aversions to weaning progression, choice experiments utilizing isocaloric liquid diets were conducted. In experiment 1, both consumption records and behavioral studies showed that pups choosing between two diets differing only in the nature of the carbohydrate (CHO) (glucose vs.

Weaning in the rat: a study of hormonal influences.

The control of weaning was studied in rat pups aged 17-24 days. The influence of two hormones, thyroxine (T4) and corticosterone, and the effect of declining intestinal lactase activity were evaluated. Hypothyroidism was induced by administration of n-propylthiouracil and hyperthyroidism was induced by injection of T4.