Correction: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with vitamin D supplementation: A cross-sectional online community survey of adults in the UK.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with vitamin D supplementation: A cross-sectional online community survey of adults in the UK.

Objective: Assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) of a diverse population. Identify barriers and facilitators that inform routine vitamin D supplementation and self-care in the community setting.

Design: Cross-sectional online voluntary survey.

Characteristics associated with influenza vaccination uptake in pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Pregnant women are at increased risk from influenza, yet maternal influenza vaccination levels remain suboptimal.

Aim: To estimate associations between sociodemographic and health characteristics and seasonal influenza vaccination uptake among pregnant women, and to understand trends over time to inform interventions to improve vaccine coverage.

Design And Setting: Retrospective cohort study using linked electronic health records of women in North West London with a pregnancy overlapping an influenza season between September 2010 and February 2020.

Back to the future? Lessons from the history of integrated child health services in England.

The UK has a long history of attempts to integrate child health services to improve outcomes, an ambition renewed in the recent . It's therefore timely to review the history of integration to inform future initiatives. Key milestones include the Platt report (1959), Court report (1976), (1999), (2004) and report (2015).

To what extent do callers follow the advice given by a non-emergency medical helpline (NHS 111): A retrospective cohort study.

National Health Service (NHS) 111 helpline was set up to improve access to urgent care in England, efficiency and cost-effectiveness of first-contact health services. Following trusted, authoritative advice is crucial for improved clinical outcomes. We examine patient and call-related characteristics associated with compliance with advice given in NHS 111 calls.

Patterns of healthcare utilisation in children and young people: a retrospective cohort study using routinely collected healthcare data in Northwest London.

Objectives: With a growing role for health services in managing population health, there is a need for early identification of populations with high need. Segmentation approaches partition the population based on demographics, long-term conditions (LTCs) or healthcare utilisation but have mostly been applied to adults. Our study uses segmentation methods to distinguish patterns of healthcare utilisation in children and young people (CYP) and to explore predictors of segment membership.

Factors influencing the uptake of evidence in child health policy-making: results of a survey among 23 European countries.

Background: The ability to successfully transfer knowledge across international boundaries to improve health across the European Region is dependent on an in-depth understanding of the many factors involved in policy creation. Across countries we can observe various approaches to evidence usage in the policy-making process. This study, which was a part of the Models of Child Health Appraised (MOCHA) project assessing patterns of children's primary care in Europe, focused on how and what kind of evidence is used in child health policy-making processes in European countries and how it is applied to inform policy and practice.

Community Pharmacist-Led Interventions to Improve Preconception and Pregnancy Health: A Systematic Review.

: Community pharmacist-led interventions are effective in improving health outcomes; however, their impact in improving preconception and pregnancy health is not clear. This study evaluated the effectiveness of community pharmacist-led interventions which aimed to improve health outcomes of preconception and pregnant women. A systematic review of the literature, consistent with PRISMA guidelines, was performed.

Characteristics of frequently attending children in hospital emergency departments: a systematic review.

Objective: To summarise the literature on frequent attendances to hospital emergency departments (EDs) and describe sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of children who attend EDs frequently.

Setting: Hospital EDs.

Participants: Children <21 years, attending hospital EDs frequently.

Social and ethnic group differences in healthcare use by children aged 0-14 years: a population-based cohort study in England from 2007 to 2017.

Objective: To describe social and ethnic group differences in children's use of healthcare services in England, from 2007 to 2017.

Design: Population-based retrospective cohort study.

Setting/patients: We performed individual-level linkage of electronic health records from general practices and hospitals in England by creating an open cohort linking data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink and Hospital Episode Statistics.

Impact of Digital Educational Interventions to Support Parents Caring for Acutely Ill Children at Home and Factors That Affect Their Use: Protocol for a Systematic Review.

Background: Urgent and emergency care health services are overburdened, and the use of these services by acutely ill infants and children is increasing. A large proportion of these visits could be sufficiently addressed by other health care professionals. Uncertainty about the severity of a child's symptoms is one of many factors that play a role in parents' decisions to take their children to emergency services, demonstrating the need for improved support for health literacy.

Community Pharmacy Minor Ailment Service (PMAS): An Untapped Resource for Children and Their Carers.

Background: The Pharmacy Minor Ailment Service (PMAS) was introduced in the UK over 15 years ago for use in treating minor ailments and has been shown to be effective and acceptable by the public in reducing the burden on high-cost healthcare settings (such as general practice and emergency departments). This paper aims to review the use of a PMAS in the paediatric population.

Methods: PMAS was established in a London Borough in 2013.

'Do I, don't I?' A qualitative study addressing parental perceptions about seeking healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Paediatric emergency departments have seen reduced attendance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Late paediatric presentations may lead to severe illness and even death. Maintaining provision of healthcare through a pandemic is essential.

Interventions to improve vitamin D status in at-risk ethnic groups during pregnancy and early childhood: a systematic review.

Objective: To systematically review the literature with the primary aim of identifying behavioural interventions to improve vitamin D stores in children from at-risk ethnic groups.

Design: Review based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017080932.

Tailored communication methods as key to implementation of evidence-based solutions in primary child health care.

Background: Evidence-based policies should underpin successful implementation of innovations within child health care. The EU-funded Models of Child Health Appraised project enabled research into effective methods to communicate research evidence. The objective of this study was to identify and categorize methods to communicate evidence-based research recommendations and means to tailor this to stakeholder audiences.

Characteristics of frequent paediatric users of emergency departments in England: an observational study using routine national data.

Background: Frequent attendances of the same users in emergency departments (ED) can intensify workload pressures and are common among children, yet little is known about the characteristics of paediatric frequent users in EDs.

Aim: To describe the volume of frequent paediatric attendance in England and the demographics of frequent paediatric ED users in English hospitals.

Method: We analysed the Hospital Episode Statistics dataset for April 2014-March 2017.

Trends in healthcare use in children aged less than 15 years: a population-based cohort study in England from 2007 to 2017.

Objective: To describe changing use of primary care in relation to use of urgent care and planned hospital services by children aged less than 15 years in England in the decade following major primary care reforms from 2007 to 2017 DESIGN: Population-based retrospective cohort study.

Methods: We used linked data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink to study children's primary care consultations and use of hospital care including emergency department (ED) visits, emergency and elective admissions to hospital and outpatient visits to specialists.

Results: Between 1 April 2007 and 31 March 2017, there were 7 604 024 general practitioner (GP) consultations, 981 684 ED visits, 287 719 emergency hospital admissions, 2 253 533 outpatient visits and 194 034 elective admissions among 1 484 455 children aged less than 15 years.

Frequent attendances at emergency departments in England.

Background: A small proportion of patients referred to as 'frequent attenders' account for a large proportion of hospital activity such as ED attendances and admissions. There is a lack of recent, national estimates of the volume of frequent ED attenders. We aimed to estimate the volume and age distribution of frequent ED attenders in English hospitals.

Child health research and planning in Europe disadvantaged by major gaps and disparities in published statistics.

Background: Population data, such as mortality and morbidity statistics, are essential for many reasons, including giving context for research, supporting action on health determinants, formulation of evidence-based policy for health care and outcome evaluation. However, when considering children, it is difficult to find such data, despite children comprising one-fifth of the European population and being in a key formative life stage and dependent on societal support. Moreover, it would be expected that there should be confidence in the key child health data available, with little to no discrepancy between recognized health statistic databases.

Nutritional rickets under 16 years: UK surveillance results.

Objective: The UK national incidence of nutritional rickets is unknown. We aimed to describe the incidence, presentation and clinical management of children under 16 years with nutritional rickets in the UK presenting to secondary care.

Methods: Prospective data were collected monthly between March 2015 and March 2017 from 3500 consultant paediatricians using British Paediatric Surveillance Unit methodology.

European Union initiatives in child immunization-the need for child centricity, e-health and holistic delivery.

Background: Low childhood immunization rates in Europe are causing concern and have triggered several EU initiatives. However, these are counter-factual as they make immunization a stand-alone issue and cut across best practice in integrated child health services. They also focus unduly on 'anti-vax' pressures, generalize 'vaccine hesitancy' and overlook practical difficulties and uncertainties encountered by parents in real world situations about presenting children for immunization.

Getting underneath the skin: A community engagement event for optimal vitamin D status in an 'easily overlooked' group.

Background: Patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) is recognized as important for improved quality in health service provision and research. Vitamin D is one area where PPIE has potential to benefit public health initiatives, particularly for women and children with increased skin pigmentation (ie at high risk of deficiency) who are easily overlooked.

Objective: We report findings from a community PPIE event that explored the knowledge, barriers and promoters for optimal vitamin D status amongst an exemplar high-risk and easily overlooked population group.

Placing education at the centre of the outpatient clinic improves learning and experiences for everyone using the multilevel attainment of learning, teaching and support (MALTS) approach.

A large proportion of consultant time is spent in outpatient practice. This setting provides an excellent learning environment for different levels of a trainee if well organised. This article describes an evidence-based teaching approach and its evaluation by trainees, patients and carers in a typical district general hospital setting which it is hoped others might find helpful.