Driving performance and ocular activity following acute administration of 10 mg methylphenidate: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Background: Methylphenidate is a routinely prescribed treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with misuse potential owing to its perceived performance-enhancing and euphoric properties. Although clinically effective, there is limited understanding of how methylphenidate affects safety-sensitive tasks such as driving when used by healthy individuals.

Aim: Explore the acute effects of 10 mg methylphenidate on driving performance and gaze behaviour.

Acute methamphetamine and alcohol usage alters gaze behaviour during driving: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Background: Methamphetamine is frequently co-consumed with alcohol, yet combined effects on visually guided behaviours have not been experimentally assessed. This study examined whether methamphetamine and alcohol-induced changes in gaze behaviour can be accurately detected and indexed during a simulated driving task to establish characteristic patterns relevant to traffic safety.

Methods: In a randomised, placebo-controlled, cross-over study design, the effects of acute oral methamphetamine (0.

Acute administration of alprazolam, alcohol and their combination on cognitive performance and mood: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Background: Recreational co-consumption of benzodiazepines and alcohol is a common practise; yet, the cognitive effects of this combination remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the acute cognitive effects of combining a 1 mg dose of alprazolam with a moderate dose of alcohol (target 0.04% blood alcohol concentration (BAC)) in a non-clinical population.

Driving impairment and altered ocular activity under the effects of alprazolam and alcohol: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Background: Alprazolam, also known by trade-name Xanax, is regularly detected along with alcohol in blood samples of drivers injured or killed in traffic collisions. While their co-consumption is principally legal, policy guidelines concerning fitness-to-drive are lacking and methods to index impairment are underdeveloped.

Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, we examined whether legally permissible levels of alcohol [target 0.

The prevalence of alcohol use and risky driving practises among individuals who consume sedatives nonmedically: findings from the NESARC-III.

Worldwide, 1.3 million people die because of a road traffic collision each year, with over half (57.7%) of such deaths in the United States involving a psychoactive substance.

The effects of amphetamines alone and in combination with alcohol on functional neurocognition: A systematic review.

Due to their desirable synergistic and/or additive pharmacological effects, amphetamines and alcohol are frequently co-consumed; yet, their combined functional neurocognitive effects remain poorly defined. The PubMed, Scopus, SafetyLit, CINAHL Complete and Medline databases were examined from inception to December 2020. Study selection, data extraction and Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB2) assessments were conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, and the review was registered on the PROSPERO database (CRD42020189168).

The Combined Effects of Alcohol and Benzodiazepines on Driving-Related Neurocognitive Skills: A Systematic Review.

Objective: Research concerning the combined effects of alcohol and benzodiazepines on driving-related skills is largely inconsistent. Because as many as 88% of benzodiazepine users report the additional consumption of alcohol, this review aims to provide an updated and concise synthesis of the available high-quality research.

Method: We searched EBSCOhost, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science until April 1, 2020, for double-blind, placebo-controlled, repeated-measures intervention trials that examined the effects of alcohol (any dose provided as blood alcohol concentration [BAC]) in combination with oral benzodiazepines on neurocognitive tasks related to driving.

Driver monitoring systems (DMS): The future of impaired driving management?

Objective: Driver monitoring systems (DMS) are the next generation of vehicle safety technology. Broadly, these refer to the embedded, aftermarket wearable or vehicle-mounted devices that collect observable information about the operator to make real-time assessment of their capacity to perform the driving task. Integrating biobehavioral monitoring (primarily ocular metrics) with driving performance assessments, these systems function to infer driver state in real time to identify operator conditions that negatively affect driving (such as fatigue, inattention, or distraction).

Shared Demands Between Cognitive and Physical Tasks May Drive Negative Effects of Fatigue: A Focused Review.

Over the last decade, there has been increasing interest in the effects of cognitive fatigue on physical performance. This review aims to provide an understanding of these effects with an emphasis on different types of physical tasks requiring different cognitive loads. We specifically focus on understanding the similarity or difference between the cognitive and physical task to help formulate a hypothesis for when there is a decline in the subsequent physical task and when there is not.