Evaluation of urine protein to creatinine ratio in sighthound breeds.

The breed can influence the results of haematological and biochemical blood tests, with sighthounds traditionally mentioned. It may also affect certain urinary parameters. This study aimed to compare urinary protein and creatinine concentrations and their ratio (UPC, urine protein to creatinine ratio) between sighthounds and non-sighthounds and to evaluate these parameters in various sighthound breeds.

Urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus): Reference range and the effect of age and sex.

Background: There are currently few reports on the normal urinary protein-to-creatinine (UPC) ratio of guinea pigs, and there is little information on the effects of age and sex on this parameter.

Methods: Urinary protein and creatinine concentrations were measured in a total of 161 clinically healthy guinea pigs, and the UPC ratio was subsequently calculated. The effect of age and sex on these parameters was assessed using Mann-Whitney U tests.

Appraisal of a synthetic preservative, Quaternium - 15, effect on three model organisms: new insight on environmental risks.

After the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of quaternary ammonium compounds increased exponentially due to their efficacy as antimicrobials, stabilizers and disinfectants. Among these, Quaternium-15 is a preservative used in the formulation of a variety of personal care products. The increased use of this substance and the resulting persistence in wastewater treatment systems, which are unable to completely remove the Quaternium-15 from the water, is of increasing environmental concern.

Comparison of two methods of measuring the urinary protein concentration for the determination of the urinary protein to creatinine ratio in various animal species.

Determination of the urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPC) is an important tool in the quantification of proteinuria in animals. However, the result may be affected by the different methods of determining the urinary protein concentration. The aim of this study was to compare the turbidimetric method using benzethonium chloride and the colorimetric method using pyrogallol red in the measurement of the urinary protein concentration in dogs, cats, guinea pigs and horses.

From Personal Care to Coastal Concerns: Investigating Polyethylene Glycol Impact on Mussel's Antioxidant, Physiological, and Cellular Responses.

Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) containing persistent and potentially hazardous substances have garnered attention for their ubiquitous presence in natural environments. This study investigated the impact of polyethylene glycol (PEG), a common PPCP component, on . Mussels were subjected to two PEG concentrations (E1: 0.

Toxicity of water-soluble polymers polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl alcohol for fish and frog embryos.

Personal Care Products (PCPs) have been one of the most studied chemicals in the last twenty years since they were identified as pseudo-persistent pollutants by the European Union in the early 2000s. The accumulation of PCPs in the aquatic environment and their effects on non-target species make it necessary to find new, less harmful, substances. Polyethylene glycol (PEGs) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVAs) are two polymers that have increased their presence in the composition of PCPs in recent years, but little is known about the effect of their accumulation in the environment on non-target species.

Pharmacokinetics of praziquantel and its metabolites in grass carp () following the oral administration of a single bolus.

The study aimed to evaluate and compare the routes and rates of the depletion of the antiparasitic praziquantel (PZQ), a derivative of pyrazinoisoquinoline, following its oral administration in grass carp (). We focused on the depletion of PZQ and its major metabolites - -hydroxy praziquantel (CPZQ) and -hydroxy praziquantel (TPZQ), in water, the plasma, hepatopancreas, kidney, muscle, and skin, following a single oral administration of PZQ in a concentration of 50 mg/kg. Fish were sampled before the drug administration and then eight times in the course of the 30-day-long experiment.

Long-term dietary exposure to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs diclofenac and ibuprofen can affect the physiology of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) on multiple levels, even at "environmentally relevant" concentrations.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of emerging environmental contaminants, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) diclofenac (DCF) and ibuprofen (IBP), on physiological functions in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish were exposed for 6 weeks, and for the first time, NSAIDs were administered through diet. Either substance was tested at two concentrations, 20 or 2000 μg/kg, resulting in four different treatments (DCF 20, DCF 2000, IBP 20, IBP 2000).

Efficacy of the intranasal application of azaperone for sedation in weaned piglets.

The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of the intranasal and parenteral administration of azaperone in order to achieve pig sedation. A total of 32 weaned piglets divided into 4 groups (8 piglets in each group) were used. Group A was injected intramuscularly (i.

Long-term exposure to polycyclic musk tonalide - A potential threat to juvenile zebrafish ()?

Polycyclic musk compounds are commonly used in personal care products to replace expensive natural fragrances. Due to their huge consumption, they have become a part of the aquatic environment. In the present study, a two-month exposure effect of tonalide on juvenile zebrafish () was investigated.

Medicine designed to combat diseases of affluence affects the early development of fish. How do plastic microparticles contribute?

The incidence of diseases of affluence, such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol has been reported to rise. Consequently, the concentrations of residues of drugs designed to treat these diseases have been rising in water bodies. Moreover, the toxicity of these pharmaceuticals towards fish and other non-target organisms can be even enhanced by microplastic particles that are reportedly present in surface water.

Pesticides and Parabens Contaminating Aquatic Environment: Acute and Sub-Chronic Toxicity towards Early-Life Stages of Freshwater Fish and Amphibians.

Pesticides and personal care products are two very important groups of contaminants posing a threat to the aquatic environment and the organisms living in it.. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the effects of widely used pesticides and parabens on aquatic non-target biota such as fish (using model organisms and ) and amphibians (using model organism ) using a wide range of endpoints.

Does dietary exposure to 17α-ethinylestradiol alter biomarkers related with endocrine disruption and oxidative stress in the adult triploid of Danio rerio?

This study was conducted to investigate a comprehensive effect of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) in zebrafish (Danio rerio) with the emphasis on endocrine disruption, oxidative stress and detoxification processes at different levels. Adult male triploid zebrafish were exposed to EE2 administered in feed at two concentrations - 10 and 1000 μg/kg for six weeks. The estrogenic potential of EE2 was evaluated using an analysis of vitellogenin, gene expression focused on reproductive disorders and gonad histological examination.

Use of all-male triploid population of zebrafish (Danio rerio) for evaluation of 17α-ethinylestradiol effects.

Objectives: We tested the toxicity of ethinylestradiol, a semisynthetic estrogen used in oral contraceptives, on all-male triploid zebrafish using commercial feeds and three different doses concentrations. We aimed to determine whether ethinylestradiol peroral administration resulted in vitellogenin production and whether all-male triploid zebrafish could serve as a model species for xenoestrogen testing.

Methods: The actual concentrations of 17α-ethinylestradiol were 0.

Polystyrene microparticles can affect the health status of freshwater fish - Threat of oral microplastics intake.

Plastic waste pollution is considered one of the biggest problems facing our planet. The production and use of these materials has led to huge amounts of plastic waste entering the aquatic environment and affecting aquatic life. In our experiment, the effect of polystyrene microparticles (PS-MPs; 52.

Efficacy and safety of higher oral doses of azaperone to achieve sedation in pigs.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of achieving more effective and prolonged sedation in pigs by the oral administration of increased doses of azaperone and to evaluate its safety. This was performed through a prospective randomised and double blinded study. A total of 32 weaned piglets were divided into 4 groups (8 in each group).

Octinoxate as a potential thyroid hormone disruptor - A combination of in vivo and in vitro data.

Ultraviolet filters are commonly used in various cosmetic products. Due to their huge consumption ultraviolet filters become a part of the environment. Octinoxate is a commonly used ultraviolet filter that is widely detected in the aquatic environment.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs caused an outbreak of inflammation and oxidative stress with changes in the gut microbiota in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

One of the main contributors to pharmaceutical pollution of surface waters are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that contaminate the food chain and affect non-target water species. As there are not many studies focusing on toxic effects of NSAIDs on freshwater fish species and specially effects after dietary exposure, we selected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as the ideal model to examine the impact of two NSAIDs - diclofenac (DCF) and ibuprofen (IBP). The aim of our study was to test toxicity of environmentally relevant concentrations of these drugs together with exposure doses of 100× higher, including their mixture; and to deepen knowledge about the mechanism of toxicity of these drugs.

Cluster Modeling of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems for Integration Support.

Many organizations around the world recognize the complementarity of public and environmental health and focus their attention on the effective management of both health and environmental risks. For this purpose, they often use the international standards ISO 14001 and ISO 45001. However, when a company intends to implement multiple standards simultaneously, the challenge of overlapping increases.

The Role of Macronutrients, Micronutrients and Flavonoid Polyphenols in the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is considered an age-related disorder of the skeletal system, characterized primarily by decreased bone mineral density (BMD), microstructural quality and an elevated risk of fragility fractures. This silent disease is increasingly becoming a global epidemic due to an aging population and longer life expectancy. It is known that nutrition and physical activity play an important role in skeletal health, both in achieving the highest BMD and in maintaining bone health.

The effects of dietary exposure to Magnéli phase titanium suboxide and titanium dioxide on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Magnéli phase titanium suboxides (Magnéli TiO) are promising, novel materials with superior properties compared to TiO, they are substoichiometric titanium oxides with the chemical formula TiO (where n ≥ 1). In this study, for the first time, subchronic effects of dietary intake of Magnéli TiO were evaluated and compared with TiO particles of similar size, in concentrations 0.1% and 0.

Effects of different pharmaceutical residues on embryos of fish species native to Central Europe.

Environmental concentrations of pharmacologically active substances are increasing dramatically throughout the world, to the point where they are now considered a serious threat to the aquatic environment. This high occurrence of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment is due to an increase in i) the prescription and consumption of drugs, and ii) their subsequent discharge into wastewater and its imperfect purification in wastewater treatment plants. Recent surveys have clearly shown that such substances can have serious negative effects on non-target organisms.

Pharmaceutical Drugs and Natural Therapeutic Products for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most widespread form of diabetes, characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance, and inefficient insulin secretion and action. Primary care in T2DM is pharmacological, using drugs of several groups that include insulin sensitisers (e.g.

Do foodborne polyethylene microparticles affect the health of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)?

Due to the fact that plastic pollution is a global environmental problem of modern age, studies on the impact of these synthetic materials on aquatic, and especially fish organisms, are an important part of the ecosystem and human nutrition. In our study, the toxicity of pristine polyethylene (PE) microparticles (approx. 50 μm) on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was tested in three different dietary concentrations - 0.