The causes of air movement in hidden indoor micro-environments: measurements in historic bookshelves.

The use of ventilation holes in small micro-environments has been proposed by the National Trust as a mechanism to improve the environmental conditions of moisture and temperature within bookshelves. At one National Trust historic property, this mechanism has been used to encourage air movement behind books as a possible strategy to reduce the risk of mould growth. It is believed that including ventilation holes as a passive design solution to promote airflow within micro-environments could prevent decay from occurring in the archives of historic buildings.

"Adoption is just not for me": How abortion patients in Michigan and New Mexico factor adoption into their pregnancy outcome decisions.

Objectives: In public discourses in the United States, adoption is often suggested as a less objectionable, equal substitute for abortion, despite this pregnancy outcome occurring much less frequently than the outcomes of abortion and parenting. This qualitative study explores whether and how abortion patients weighed adoption as part of their pregnancy decisions and, for those who did, identifies factors that contributed to their ultimate decision against adoption.

Study Design: We interviewed 29 abortion patients from 6 facilities in Michigan and New Mexico in 2015.

Women's experiences using drugs to induce abortion acquired in the informal sector in Colombia: qualitative interviews with users in Bogotá and the Coffee Axis.

In 2006, abortion in Colombia was decriminalised under certain circumstances. Yet some women continue to avail themselves of ways to terminate pregnancies outside of the formal health system. In-depth interviews (IDIs) with women who acquired drugs outside of health facilities to terminate their pregnancies (= 47) were conducted in Bogotá and the Coffee Axis in 2018.

What does informal access to misoprostol in Colombia look like? A mystery client methodology in Bogotá and the Coffee Axis.

Introduction: In 2006, abortion was decriminalised in Colombia under certain circumstances. Yet, women avail themselves of ways to terminate pregnancy outside of the formal health system. This study explored how drug sellers engage with women who attempt to purchase misoprostol from them.

Estimating abortion incidence among adolescents and differences in postabortion care by age: a cross-sectional study of postabortion care patients in Uganda.

Objectives: To provide the first estimate of adolescents' abortion incidence in Uganda and to assess differences in the abortion experiences and morbidities of adolescent and nonadolescent postabortion care (PAC) patients.

Study Design: We used the age-specific Abortion Incidence Complications Method, drawing from three surveys conducted in Uganda in 2013: a nationally representative Health Facilities Survey (n=418), a Health Professionals Survey (n=147) and a Prospective Morbidity Survey of PAC patients (n=2169). Multivariable logistic and Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare adolescent and nonadolescent PAC patients on dimensions including pregnancy intention, gestational age, abortion safety, delays to care, severity of complications and receipt of postabortion family planning.

Playing it Safe: Legal and Clandestine Abortions Among Adolescents in Ethiopia.

Purpose: The 2005 expansion of the Ethiopian abortion law provided minors access to legal abortions, yet little is known about abortion among adolescents. This paper estimates the incidence of legal and clandestine abortions and the severity of abortion-related complications among adolescent and nonadolescent women in Ethiopia in 2014.

Methods: This paper uses data from three surveys: a Health Facility Survey (n = 822) to collect data on legal abortions and postabortion complications, a Health Professionals Survey (n = 82) to estimate the share of clandestine abortions that resulted in treated complications, and a Prospective Data Survey (n = 5,604) to collect data on abortion care clients.

Long-Term Cognitive Decline After Newly Diagnosed Heart Failure: Longitudinal Analysis in the CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study).

Background: Heart failure (HF) is associated with cognitive impairment. However, we know little about the time course of cognitive change after HF diagnosis, the importance of comorbid atrial fibrillation, or the role of ejection fraction. We sought to determine the associations of incident HF with rates of cognitive decline and whether these differed by atrial fibrillation status or reduced versus preserved ejection fraction.

Indoor mould testing in a historic building: Blickling Hall.

Indoor mould growth is a growing concern for all stakeholders of built environment, including residents, builders, insurance and building remediation industry as well as custodians of heritage buildings. The National Trust has reported this problem in a number of buildings under their ownership, and developed solutions and fine-tuned their maintenance programme so as to minimise indoor and surface mould growth risk. This paper reports findings from an extensive mould-testing scheme in Blickling Hall, a National Trust property in Norfolk, England, for an appraisal of airborne and surface mould levels within a total of eight rooms, including the famous Long Gallery.

Barriers to Abortion Care and Their Consequences For Patients Traveling for Services: Qualitative Findings from Two States.

Context: Abortion availability and accessibility vary by state. Especially in areas where services are restricted or limited, some women travel to obtain abortion services in other states. Little is known about the experience of travel to obtain abortion.

Incidence of Induced Abortion in Uganda, 2013: New Estimates Since 2003.

Background: In Uganda, abortion is permitted only when the life of a woman is in danger. This restriction compels the perpetuation of the practice in secrecy and often under unsafe conditions. In 2003, 294,000 induced abortions were estimated to occur each year in Uganda.

The Complexity of Multiple Contraceptive Method Use and the Anxiety That Informs It: Implications for Theory and Practice.

Despite clinical guidelines and national data describing the use of one contraceptive method as the best and most common way to prevent unintended pregnancy, limited evidence indicates a more complex picture of actual contraceptive practice. Face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted in November of 2013 with a sample of women from two cities in the United States (n = 52). The interviews explored the ways participants used contraception to protect themselves from unintended pregnancy over the past 12 months.

"If I know I am on the pill and I get pregnant, it's an act of God": women's views on fatalism, agency and pregnancy.

Objectives: Fatalism is the idea that outside forces have control over events. Pregnancy and pregnancy prevention play a prominent role in many women's lives, and we sought to understand if and how fatalism informed their thinking about these issues.

Study Design: We conducted in-depth interviews with 52 unmarried women between the ages of 18 and 30.

The impact of Ghana's R3M programme on the provision of safe abortions and postabortion care.

In 2006, in response to the high maternal mortality, driven largely by unsafe abortions, the government of Ghana, in partnership with other organizations, launched the reducing maternal mortality and morbidity (R3M) programme in seven districts in Greater Accra, Ashanti and Eastern, to improve comprehensive abortion care services. This article examines whether this intervention made a difference to the provision of safe abortion services and postabortion care (PAC). We also examine the role played by provider attitudes and knowledge of the abortion law, on providers with clinical training in service provision.

Estimation of sequencing error rates in short reads.

Background: Short-read data from next-generation sequencing technologies are now being generated across a range of research projects. The fidelity of this data can be affected by several factors and it is important to have simple and reliable approaches for monitoring it at the level of individual experiments.

Results: We developed a fast, scalable and accurate approach to estimating error rates in short reads, which has the added advantage of not requiring a reference genome.

What women want from abortion counseling in the United States: a qualitative study of abortion patients in 2008.

Abortion counseling, including informed consent laws specifying what a woman must be told to obtain an abortion, have been the subject of a great deal of social policy. Using a qualitative sample of 49 women seeking abortions in 2008, we asked women whether they had their mind made up when they called the clinic to make their appointment as well as what they wanted from abortion counseling. The majority of women contacting the abortion clinic had already made up their minds to have an abortion and were therefore not seeking options counseling.

A review of orbital and intracranial magnetic resonance imaging in 79 canine and 13 feline patients (2004-2010).

Objective: To review the distribution of orbital and intracranial disease in canine and feline patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following referral to a veterinary ophthalmologist and to correlate results of MRI with pathologic conditions including neoplasia, suspected optic neuritis (ON) and orbital cellulitis. Recognized and emerging imaging techniques are reviewed.

Procedure: Medical records of 79 canine and 13 feline patients were reviewed.

A simulation-based approach for evaluating microarray analyses.

The biological complexity of gene expression makes simulation of gene expression data difficult. We propose a spike-in simulation that adds a single simulated gene to the data set of interest. Features of this spike-in gene may be manipulated to observe how often the spiked-in gene appears in the list of differentially expressed genes.

Adolescent input for designing an emergency department-based intervention about emergency contraception: results from an in-depth interview study.

Objective: To explore the attitudes of urban, minority adolescent girls about an emergency department (ED)-based intervention to address emergency contraceptive pill (ECP) use.

Methods: We conducted an in-depth, semistructured interview study of healthy, 15- to 19-year-old African-American girls seeking care in a children's hospital ED. Purposive sampling was used to recruit sexually and nonsexually active adolescents and those with or without a history of pregnancy.

Assessing attitudes about emergency contraception among urban, minority adolescent girls: an in-depth interview study.

Objective: The purpose of this work was to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of urban, minority adolescent girls about intention to use emergency contraception pills and to identify barriers to emergency contraception pill use.

Patients And Methods: We conducted an in-depth, semistructured interview study of healthy, urban-dwelling, English-speaking 15- to 19-year-old black adolescents seeking care in a children's hospital emergency department. Purposive sampling was used to recruit sexually active and nonsexually active adolescents and those with and without a history of pregnancy.

Diagnostic performance of tests based on Trypanosoma cruzi excreted-secreted antigens in an endemic area for Chagas' disease in Bolivia.

The diagnostic performance of Trypanosoma cruzi excreted-secreted antigen (TESA)-based and conventional tests for Chagas' disease was evaluated in a field study with 742 sera from a population in an endemic area in the Department of Chuquisaca, Bolivia. Of the 742 samples, 329 (44.34 %) were positive in the TESA blot assay, which diagnosed 9 Trypanosoma cruzi-infected individuals missed by conventional serologic tests.

Characteristics of women with gynecologic cancer who enter clinical trials.

Objective: To determine if differences exist between gynecologic cancer patients who participate in clinical trials and those who do not.

Study Design: Two hundred thirty-six subjects with gynecologic cancer diagnosed between 1997 and 2001 were identified. Multiple clinical and demographic factors, including clinical trial enrollment, postoperative treatment and related complications, were recorded.

A pilot study of bone density loss in menopausal women treated with chemotherapy for cancer.

Goals Of Work: To estimate the incidence and severity of bone loss in menopausal women diagnosed with cancer who receive treatment with chemotherapy. Also, to evaluate the use of bone loss prevention agents in this population.

Patients And Methods: A total of 25 postmenopausal women with newly diagnosed cancers who received chemotherapy for a minimum of six cycles were enrolled in this pilot study.

Improved statistical tests for differential gene expression by shrinking variance components estimates.

Combining information across genes in the statistical analysis of microarray data is desirable because of the relatively small number of data points obtained for each individual gene. Here we develop an estimator of the error variance that can borrow information across genes using the James-Stein shrinkage concept. A new test statistic (FS) is constructed using this estimator.

Proteotypic classification of spontaneous and transgenic mammary neoplasms.

Introduction: Mammary tumors in mice are categorized by using morphologic and architectural criteria. Immunolabeling for terminal differentiation markers was compared among a variety of mouse mammary neoplasms because expression of terminal differentiation markers, and especially of keratins, provides important information on the origin of neoplastic cells and their degree of differentiation.

Methods: Expression patterns for terminal differentiation markers were used to characterize tumor types and to study tumor progression in transgenic mouse models of mammary neoplasia (mice overexpressing Neu (Erbb2), Hras, Myc, Notch4, SV40-TAg, Tgfa, and Wnt1), in spontaneous mammary carcinomas, and in mammary neoplasms associated with infection by the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV).