The contact system in chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis - A cross-sectional study.

Background And Hypothesis: The contact system (CAS) is a part of both the immune system and the coagulation system. The involvement of the CAS in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hemodialysis (HD) has been documented, yet conflicting findings have hindered a comprehensive understanding. This study aimed to investigate whether CAS activation occurs in patients with chronic kidney failure undergoing HD compared with those undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD), patients with CKD not receiving replacement therapy, or healthy controls and to assess the impact of HD on CAS from pre- to post-dialysis during a single session of HD.

Prevalence of Obesity-Related Disease in a Danish Population - The Results of an Algorithm-Based Screening Program.

Purpose: The prevalence of obesity continues to rise. People with obesity are at increased risk of several diseases. We tested an algorithm-based screening program for people with a BMI above 30 kg/m and present data on the prevalence of previously undiagnosed obesity-related diseases.

FDG-PET/CT-based respiration-gated lung segmentation and quantification of lung inflammation in COPD patients.

Objective And Results Description: The study objective was to investigate the potential of quantitative measures of pulmonary inflammation by [18 F]Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) as a surrogate marker of inflammation in COPD. Patients treated with anti-inflammatory Liraglutide were compared to placebo and correlated with inflammatory markers. 27 COPD-patients (14 receiving Liraglutide treatment and 13 receiving placebo) underwent 4D-respiratory-gated FDG-PET/CT before and after treatment.

Validation of a fibrinogen γ' enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a new monoclonal antibody: effects of bariatric surgery.

Background: Fibrinogen γ' is a naturally occurring 20-amino-acid splice variant of the fibrinogen γ chain. Animal studies link variations in fibrinogen to obesity, but it is unknown how fibrinogen γ' is associated with obesity in humans.

Objectives: To develop and validate an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for fibrinogen γ' quantification in human plasma and analyze fibrinogen γ' before and after bariatric surgery.

Effect of Plasma Fibrinogen Levels on the Risk of Stroke in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review.

 In this systematic review, we assessed the literature on the association between fibrinogen levels and stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).  MEDLINE and Ovid searches of English reports were performed on the relation between fibrinogen, stroke, and T2D in humans. The search was completed on May 4, 2023.

No Detectable Coagulation Activation After Vitamin K (MK-7) Supplementation in Patients on Dialysis With Functional Vitamin K Deficiency: A One-Year Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study.

Objective: Patients on dialysis treatment have poor functional vitamin K status, and this may increase the risk of vascular calcification. Vitamin K supplementation may therefore be relevant in patients on dialysis, but the procoagulant effects have not been studied. We evaluated effects of menaquinone-7 (MK-7) supplementation on biomarkers of coagulation in patients on dialysis.

Testosterone therapy increases the anticoagulant potential in men with opioid-induced hypogonadism: a randomized, placebo-controlled study.

Introduction: Hypogonadism is prevalent during opioid treatment, and low testosterone concentrations are associated with cardiovascular disease. The effect of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on the coagulation system in men with hypogonadism is not clarified. We investigate the effects of TRT on the tissue factor (TF) and contact activation pathways of coagulation in opioid-treated men.

Respiratory Effects of Treatment with a Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist in Patients Suffering from Obesity and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Purpose: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects millions of people worldwide. Obesity is commonly seen concomitantly with COPD. People with COPD have reduced quality of life, reduced physical activity, chronic respiratory symptoms, and may suffer from frequent clinical exacerbations.

Contact activated kallikrein generation is reduced six months after gastric bypass.

Background: Prothrombotic and inflammatory variables decrease after obesity surgery. The contact activation system may be a common denominator of these changes.

Objective: To characterize the contact system before and 6 months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and to evaluate associations with changes (post-surgery minus pre-surgery) in metabolic variables.

Reductions in plasmin inhibitor and fibrinogen predict the improved fibrin clot lysis 6 months after obesity surgery.

Prothrombotic and metabolic variables are decreased after obesity surgery, and fibrin clot lysis is increased. It is unknown how fibrinolytic variables are affected, and whether fibrinolytic and metabolic changes predict the enhanced clot lysis. Study aims were to determine fibrinolytic biomarkers before and 6 months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and to identify predictors of the RYGB-induced increase in clot lysis.

Effects of Obesity Surgery on Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis: A Literature Review.

Objective:  Obesity is characterized by a disturbed hemostatic balance with increased coagulation and impaired fibrinolysis. This increases the risk of thrombosis, and the risk is lowered after obesity surgery. Over the past 25 years, several studies have contributed to understand the mechanisms behind the antithrombotic effect of obesity surgery, and this literature review summarizes the results of these studies.

Venous thromboembolism in anorexia nervosa: four cases from a specialized unit. Indication for thromboprophylaxis?

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. VTE may occur asymptomatic or subclinical. Fluid retention during intensive re-nutrition or rapid weight changes are well-known phenomena in anorexia nervosa (AN) and may represent a significant risk factor for VTE.

The effects of sampling from a peripheral venous catheter compared to repeated venepunctures on markers of coagulation, inflammation, and endothelial function.

Peripheral venous (PV) catheters are often used for serial blood sampling, but studies suggest that PV catheters increase markers of coagulation activation and inflammation. Whether the increase is caused by irritation of the vessel wall or diurnal variation is unknown. We therefore compared the effects of a PV catheter and repeated venepunctures on markers of coagulation, inflammation, and endothelial function.

Effect of spironolactone for 1 yr on endothelial function and vascular inflammation biomarkers in renal transplant recipients.

Kidney transplantation is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation contribute to negative outcome. In experimental models, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists improved endothelial function and reduced inflammation.

Physical training following gastric bypass: effects on physical activity and quality of life-a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Obesity is associated with physical inactivity and impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We aim to test the hypothesis that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) followed by supervised physical training improves physical activity (PA) levels and HRQoL.

Methods: Sixty patients, qualified for RYGB, were at 6 months post-surgery randomized to 26 weeks of a supervised physical training intervention (INT) or to a control (CON) group.

Effects of 6 months supervised physical training on muscle strength and aerobic capacity in patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

Obesity and physical inactivity are major health problems. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery results in significant weight loss and reduces obesity-related morbidity and mortality. Physical activity lowers the risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death.

Effects of 6 Months of Active Commuting and Leisure-Time Exercise on Fibrin Turnover in Sedentary Individuals with Overweight and Obesity: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Obesity and exercise constitute important factors for cardiovascular disease risk, but the long-term effects of different exercise modalities on haemostatic biomarkers are not well elucidated. We investigated the effects of 6 months of active commuting or leisure-time exercise on measures of fibrin turnover in individuals who are overweight and obese. Ninety younger (20-40 years), sedentary, healthy women and men who are overweight and obese (BMI: 25-35 kg/m) were randomised to 6 months of habitual lifestyle (CON, =16), active commuting (BIKE, =19), or leisure-time exercise of moderate (MOD, ∼50% VOpeak reserve, =31) or vigorous intensity (VIG, ∼70% VOpeak reserve, =24).

Effects of gastric bypass followed by a randomized study of physical training on markers of coagulation activation, fibrin clot properties, and fibrinolysis.

Background: The risk of cardiovascular disease is reduced by bariatric surgery, but it is unknown if exercise after bariatric surgery reduces this risk even further.

Objective: To investigate if Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass (RYGB) and supervised physical training after RYGB improve cardiovascular disease risk markers within coagulation activation, fibrin clot properties, and fibrinolysis.

Setting: Bariatric center, Hospital of Southwest Jutland, Denmark.

Effects of gastric bypass surgery followed by supervised physical training on inflammation and endothelial function: A randomized controlled trial.

Background And Aims: Obesity and physical inactivity are both associated with low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Bariatric surgery improves markers of inflammation and endothelial function, but it is unknown if physical training after bariatric surgery can improve these markers even further. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) followed by physical training on markers of low-grade inflammation and endothelial function.

Supervised Physical Training Improves Weight Loss After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Bariatric surgery results in significant weight loss and reduces cardiovascular morbidity. However, a large variation in postsurgery weight loss is seen. Physical activity promotes weight loss in nonsurgically treated subjects with obesity.

Anti-inflammatory effects of active commuting and leisure time exercise in overweight and obese women and men: A randomized controlled trial.

Background And Aims: Physical inactivity is linked to low-grade inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to determine effects of active commuting and leisure time exercise on markers of low-grade inflammation and endothelial function in overweight and obese women and men.

Methods: We randomized 130 younger (20-45 years), physically inactive, healthy, overweight and obese (BMI: 25-35 kg/m) women and men recruited from the Copenhagen area, Denmark, to either 6 months of habitual lifestyle (CON, n = 18), active commuting (BIKE, n = 35), or leisure time exercise of moderate (MOD, ∼50% VOpeak, n = 39) or vigorous intensity (VIG, ∼70% VOpeak, n = 38).

Endurance exercise per se reduces the cardiovascular risk marker t-PA antigen in healthy, younger, overweight men.

Introduction: The cardiovascular risk marker tissue plasminogen activator antigen (t-PA:Ag) can be reduced by long-term exercise interventions, but it is unknown, whether this is due to the weight loss induced by physical activity or due to the physical activity per se.

Materials And Methods: This was tested in 60 healthy, younger (20-40years), overweight (BMI: 25-30kg/m) men randomly assigned to 12weeks of intervention in one of four groups: training (T); energy-reduced diet (D); training and increased diet (T-iD); sedentary lifestyle and unchanged diet (controls, C). Fasting blood samples were obtained before and after 12weeks of intervention and analyzed for plasma t-PA:Ag.