Chair based exercise in community settings: a cluster randomised feasibility study.

Background: Some older people who find standard exercise programmes too strenuous may be encouraged to exercise while remaining seated - chair based exercises (CBE). We previously developed a consensus CBE programme (CCBE) following a modified Delphi process. We firstly needed to test the feasibility and acceptability of this treatment approach and explore how best to evaluate it before undertaking a definitive trial.

A novel compact small field of view hybrid gamma camera: first clinical results.

Introduction: Hybrid imaging has proven to be a major innovation in nuclear medicine, allowing the fusion of functional information with anatomical detail. In the past, the use of hybrid imaging such as PET-CT, PET-MRI and SPECT-CT has been of great clinical benefit; however, these scanners are relatively large and bulky. We have developed and investigated the clinical application of a compact small field of view hybrid gamma camera (HGC) that is suitable for small-organ imaging at the patient bedside.

Assessment of the performance of small field of view gamma cameras for sentinel node imaging.

Objective: To develop a method for the assessment of small field of view (SFOV) gamma cameras using a novel phantom designed to simulate the localization of sentinel nodes in the presence of a high-activity injection site.

Materials And Methods: The phantom consisted of a cube-shaped acrylic glass support frame. Sixteen acrylic glass plates and nine bars were stacked within the frame to allow a variable configuration of the simulated node depth and node-to-injection site separation.

Measurement of gastric meal and secretion volumes using magnetic resonance imaging.

MRI can assess multiple gastric functions without ionizing radiation. However, time consuming image acquisition and analysis of gastric volume data, plus confounding of gastric emptying measurements by gastric secretions mixed with the test meal have limited its use to research centres. This study presents an MRI acquisition protocol and analysis algorithm suitable for the clinical measurement of gastric volume and secretion volume.

Novel MRI tests of orocecal transit time and whole gut transit time: studies in normal subjects.

Background: Colonic transit tests are used to manage patients with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. Some tests used expose patients to ionizing radiation. The aim of this study was to compare novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tests for measuring orocecal transit time (OCTT) and whole gut transit time (WGT), which also provide data on colonic volumes.

Reproducibility of neutron activated Sm-153 oral dose formulations intended for human administration.

Neutron activation of Sm-152 offers a method of radiolabeling for the in vivo study of oral dose formulations by gamma scintigraphy. Reproducibility measurements are needed to ensure the robustness of clinical studies. 204 enteric-coated guaifenesin core tablets (10mg of Sm(2)O(3)) were irradiated by thermal neutrons to achieve 1 MBq at 48 h.

A randomized crossover study of the effects of glutamine and lipid on the gastric emptying time of a preoperative carbohydrate drink.

Background & Aims: Supplementing preoperative carbohydrate drinks with glutamine may lead to benefits in addition to reducing insulin resistance, but amino acids may delay gastric emptying (GE). The effects of supplementing a preoperative carbohydrate drink (CCD) with glutamine or lipid on GE were studied.

Methods: Ten healthy male volunteers ingested 410 ml of one of three isocaloric-isovolumetric carbohydrate-based drinks labelled with (99m)Tc-DTPA: CCD (preOp(®), Nutricia, UK, 50 g carbohydrate), CCD/G (preOp(®), 36 g carbohydrate + 15 g glutamine) or CCD/L (preOp(®), 36 g carbohydrate + 7 g lipid) in this randomized, blinded, three-way crossover study.

Design and use of mini-phantoms for high resolution planar gamma cameras.

There is now wide spread interest in the application of small field of view gamma cameras for clinical use in operating theatres, intensive care units and bedside imaging. The development of these imaging systems some of which have improved spatial resolution has necessitated a reappraisal of the suitability of conventional phantoms intended for use with gamma cameras. The testing of imagers having increased system resolution requires phantoms and test objects of smaller dimensions.

Esophageal transit and in vivo disintegration of branded risedronate sodium tablets and two generic formulations of alendronic acid tablets: a single-center, single-blind, six-period crossover study in healthy female subjects.

Background: Delayed esophageal transit or disintegration of oral bisphosphonate tablets before they enter the stomach may be of concern with respect to iatrogenic complications among patients receiving longterm treatment. Different formulations of generic bisphosphonate tablets meeting regulatory requirements may have substantial differences in pharmaceutical attributes from the branded product that may result in different characteristics during esophageal transit.

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate and compare esophageal transit times and in vivo disintegration of 3 bisphosphonate formulations, one branded and the others generic, that are commercially available in Canada and the United Kingdom.

The effects of bolus and continuous nasogastric feeding on gastro-oesophageal reflux and gastric emptying in healthy volunteers: a randomised three-way crossover pilot study.

Background & Aims: Nasogastric feeding may result in gastro-oesophageal reflux and, therefore, increase the risk of aspiration. This may be greater when feeds are administered via a bolus than by infusion. We aimed to measure gastric emptying time and quantify gastro-oesophageal reflux in healthy volunteers given a liquid feed via an oral bolus (OB), a nasogastric tube bolus (TB) and a nasogastric tube drip (TD).

Validity of 13C octanoic acid breath test for measurement of solid meal gastric emptying time in children.

Background/purpose: It is important to establish a physiologic range of gastric emptying (GE) in children. Gastric emptying time measured with (99)Tc-labeled solid meal (GE(Tc)) is the gold standard. Large-scale studies with GE(Tc) are ideal but not feasible because of radiation exposure.

Gastric emptying of solids in normal children--a preliminary report.

Objective: The physiological range of gastric emptying in healthy children has not previously been documented. The aim of this study was to establish the range of normal gastric emptying in children aged between 5 and 10 years with a Tc 99m-labelled solid meal acceptable to most of the children.

Methods: A list of 7 child-friendly foods was compiled.

Esophageal transit of the weekly film-coated risedronate (Actonel) placebo tablet in subjects with Kyphosis.

Risedronate sodium is a pyridinyl bisphosphonate of proven effectiveness for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis and Paget's disease of the bone. The aim of this study was to compare the esophageal transit and gastric emptying of the placebo film-coated risedronate tablet when taken with 50 or 120 mL of water in subjects with Kyphosis. A total of 23 patients with radiologically documented osteoporosis participated in a single-center, open-label, crossover gamma scintigraphy study.

The use of scintigraphy to demonstrate the rapid esophageal transit of the oval film-coated placebo risedronate tablet compared to a round uncoated placebo tablet when administered with minimal volumes of water.

As our population ages, and the consumption of pharmaceutical products rises, the incidence of solid oral dosage forms lodging in the esophagus is likely to increase and may be formulation dependent. The aim of this study was to compare the esophageal transit of the commercial film-coated risedronate tablet and a round uncoated tablet resembling the alendronate 10 mg tablet which is reported to cause esophagitis if ingested with little to no water. Water volumes of 30 ml and 50 ml were selected as these volumes can detect formulations prone to esophageal adhesion and a habits and practice study showed that these volumes are within the range preferred by women (7-385 ml).

Oesophageal transit, disintegration and gastric emptying of a film-coated risedronate placebo tablet in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and normal control subjects.

Background: Risedronate sodium is a pyridinyl bisphosphonate, proven effective for the treatment and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and Paget's disease of the bone.

Aim: To compare the oesophageal transit, disintegration and gastric emptying of the commercial film-coated risedronate tablet in subjects with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and normal control subjects.

Methods: A total of 30 subjects, 15 patients with GERD and 15 age- and sex-matched, normal control subjects, participated in a single-centre, open-label, comparative gamma scintigraphy study.

An evidence-based approach to the management of uninvestigated dyspepsia in the era of Helicobacter pylori. Canadian Dyspepsia Working Group.

Objectives: To provide Canadian primary care physicians with an evidence-based clinical management tool, including diagnostic and treatment recommendations, for patients who present with uninvestigated dyspepsia.

Recommendations: The management tool has 5 key decision steps addressing the following: (1) evidence that symptoms originate in the upper gastrointestinal tract, (2) presence of alarm features, (3) use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), (4) dominant reflux symptoms and (5) evidence of Helicobacter pylori infection. All patients over 50 years of age who present with new-onset dyspepsia and patients who present with alarm features should receive prompt investigation, preferably by endoscopy.

Limited exposure of the healthy distal colon to orally-dosed formulation is further exaggerated in active left-sided ulcerative colitis.

Background: Active distal ulcerative colitis is often resistant to topically acting oral formulations. We speculated that the left side of the colon is underexposed to orally-dosed topical agents in patients with active distal colitis.

Methods: Twenty-two healthy volunteers (12 males, aged 22-47 years), and 10 patients (6 males, aged 33-73 years) with active left-sided ulcerative colitis ingested a Eudragit-coated gelatine capsule containing 111In-labelled amberlite resin on four successive days.

Esophageal transit of risedronate cellulose-coated tablet and gelatin capsule formulations.

Risedronate sodium is an orally active antiresorptive agent and a member of the pyridinyl class of bisphosphonates. It has been approved for the treatment of Paget's disease of the bone and is under development as a chronic therapy for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. A novel cellulose film-coated tablet formulation was developed to optimize esophageal transit of this bisphosphonate.

Euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemia does not affect gastric emptying in type I and type II diabetes mellitus.

Hyperglycaemia slows gastric emptying in both normal subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus. The mechanisms mediating this effect, particularly the potential role of insulin, are uncertain. Hyperinsulinaemia has been reported to slow gastric emptying in normal subjects during euglycaemia.

[The effect of pretreatment with ranitidine on the pharmacokinetics and gastrointestinal transit of a sustained-release theophylline preparation].

A scintigraphic and pharmacokinetic study of the behavior of Bronchoretard forte (theophylline, CAS 58-55-9) was carried out in 8 healthy male volunteers to evaluate the sensitivity of the preparation to changes in gastric pH. The volunteers were pretreated with ranitidine (CAS 66357-35-5) (150 mg b.i.

Small bowel transit of a bran meal residue in humans: sieving of solids from liquids and response to feeding.

Background: Ileal motor patterns are adapted to the propulsion of viscous meal residue, such as bran, which accumulates in the distal ileum postprandially.

Aims: To examine the effects of a second liquid/solid meal on ileal emptying.

Subjects And Methods: Eleven healthy fasting subjects consumed a 1.

The effect of single doses of pramlintide on gastric emptying of two meals in men with IDDM.

In a previous study we have shown that an intravenous infusion of pramlintide (an analogue of human amylin) delayed gastric emptying, but the dose of pramlintide was supraphysiological in relation to the amylin response to food in non-diabetic subjects. The purpose of this study was to examine the dose response relationship of subcutaneous injections of pramlintide on gastric emptying and to determine whether administration of the drug before one meal has an impact on the subsequent meal. Eleven men with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were studied in a double-blind, randomised, four-way crossover design.

Effect of euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemia on gastric emptying and gastrointestinal hormone responses in normal subjects.

Several studies have shown that hyperglycaemia slows gastric emptying in normal subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus but whether hyperinsulinaemia per se has an effect remains debatable. In the present study we have assessed the effect of hyperinsulinaemia on gastric emptying of a solid and liquid meal in normal subjects. Ten men were studied three times in random order.