Digital mental health outcome monitoring for a structured text-based youth counselling intervention: Demographic profile and outcome change.

Background: Digital mental health interventions comprise a potentially effective and accessible form of support for young people, particularly at times when traditional face-to-face service delivery is reduced, as in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aims: This study assessed the demographic profile of young people using a digital mental health support service and evaluated outcome change over the course of a structured online counselling intervention (synchronous text-chat sessions with a practitioner).

Materials And Methods: The data were collected from 23,260 young people aged between 10 and 25 years engaging with the intervention between April 2019 and June 2021.

Distribution of Droplets and Immune Responses After Aerosol and Intra-Nasal Delivery of Influenza Virus to the Respiratory Tract of Pigs.

Recent evidence indicates that local immune responses and tissue resident memory T cells (T) are critical for protection against respiratory infections but there is little information on the contributions of upper and lower respiratory tract (URT and LRT) immunity. To provide a rational basis for designing methods for optimal delivery of vaccines to the respiratory tract in a large animal model, we investigated the distribution of droplets generated by a mucosal atomization device (MAD) and two vibrating mesh nebulizers (VMNs) and the immune responses induced by delivery of influenza virus by MAD in pigs. We showed that droplets containing the drug albuterol, a radiolabel (Tc-DTPA), or a model influenza virus vaccine (S-FLU) have similar aerosol characteristics.

Simultaneous Measurement of Gastric Emptying of a Soup Test Meal Using MRI and Gamma Scintigraphy.

Measurement of gastric emptying is of clinical value for a range of conditions. Gamma scintigraphy (GS) has an established role, but the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has recently increased. Previous comparison studies between MRI and GS showed good correlation, but were performed on separate study days.

Glycaemic, gastrointestinal, hormonal and appetitive responses to pearl millet or oats porridge breakfasts: a randomised, crossover trial in healthy humans.

Whole-grain cereal breakfast consumption has been associated with beneficial effects on glucose and insulin metabolism as well as satiety. Pearl millet is a popular ancient grain variety that can be grown in hot, dry regions. However, little is known about its health effects.

Nasal Administration and Plasma Pharmacokinetics of Parathyroid Hormone Peptide PTH 1-34 for the Treatment of Osteoporosis.

Nasal delivery of large peptides such as parathyroid 1-34 (PTH 1-34) can benefit from a permeation enhancer to promote absorption across the nasal mucosa into the bloodstream. Previously, we have published an encouraging bioavailability (78%), relative to subcutaneous injection in a small animal preclinical model, for a liquid nasal spray formulation containing the permeation enhancer polyethylene glycol (15)-hydroxystearate (Solutol HS15). We report here the plasma pharmacokinetics of PTH 1-34 in healthy human volunteers receiving the liquid nasal spray formulation containing Solutol HS15.

School-based early intervention for anxiety and depression in older adolescents: A feasibility randomised controlled trial of a self-referral stress management workshop programme ("DISCOVER").

Introduction: Schools may provide a convenient intervention setting for young people with mental health problems generally, as well as for those who are unwilling or unable to access traditional clinic-based mental health services. However, few studies focus on older adolescents, or those from ethnic minority groups. This study aims to assess the feasibility of a brief school-based psychological intervention for self-referred adolescents aged 16-19 years.

Exploring the feasibility and acceptability of a school-based self-referral intervention for emotional difficulties in older adolescents: qualitative perspectives from students and school staff.

Background: Adolescents with emotional difficulties need accessible, acceptable and evidence-based mental health interventions. Self-referral workshops (DISCOVER workshops) were offered to stressed 16- to 19-year olds in 10 Inner London schools.

Method: Semistructured interviews were conducted with three groups of participants: students who attended a 1-day workshop ( = 15); students who initially showed interest in the DISCOVER workshop programme, but decided not to take part (=9); and school staff who helped organise the programme in their schools (=10).

Efficacy of an imaging device at identifying the presence of bacteria in wounds at a plastic surgery outpatients clinic.

Objective: Current standard diagnostic practice of bacterial infections by visual inspection under white light is subjective, and microbiological sampling is suboptimal due to high false negative rates and the lengthy time needed for culture results to arrive. The MolecuLight i:X Imaging Device attempts to combat the issues faced in standard practice by providing a non-contact, real-time method of visualising bacteria within wounds. Our aim was to test this imaging device in a series of patients.

Clinical assessment of gastric emptying and sensory function utilizing gamma scintigraphy: Establishment of reference intervals for the liquid and solid components of the Nottingham test meal in healthy subjects.

Background: Current investigations of stomach function are based on small test meals that do not reliably induce symptoms and analysis techniques that rarely detect clinically relevant dysfunction. This study presents the reference intervals of the modular "Nottingham test meal" (NTM) for assessment of gastric function by gamma scintigraphy (GSc) in a representative population of healthy volunteers (HVs) stratified for age and sex.

Methods: The NTM comprises 400 mL liquid nutrient (0.

Understanding Children's Heart Surgery Data: A Cross-Disciplinary Approach to Codevelop a Website.

Risk-adjusted survival statistics after children's heart surgery are published annually in the United Kingdom. Interpreting these statistics is difficult, and better resources about how to interpret survival data are needed. Here we describe how a multidisciplinary team of mathematicians, psychologists, and a charity worked with parents of heart surgery children and other users to codevelop online resources to present survival outcomes.

Development and validation of a large, modular test meal with liquid and solid components for assessment of gastric motor and sensory function by non-invasive imaging.

Background: Current investigations of stomach function are based on small test meals that do not reliably induce symptoms and analysis techniques that rarely detect clinically relevant dysfunction. This study introduces the large 'Nottingham Test Meal' (NTM) for assessment of gastric motor and sensory function by non-invasive imaging.

Methods: NTM comprises 400 mL liquid nutrient (0.

Effects of a 5-HT(3) antagonist, ondansetron, on fasting and postprandial small bowel water content assessed by magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: 5-HT(3) antagonists have been shown to be effective in relieving the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea (IBS-D). Using a recently validated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method, we have demonstrated reduced fasting small bowel water content (SBWC) in IBS-D associated with accelerated small bowel transit. We hypothesized that slowing of transit with ondansetron would lead to an increase in SBWC by inhibiting fasting motility.

Abnormalities of serotonin metabolism and their relation to symptoms in untreated celiac disease.

Background And Aims: Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) is a key modulator of gut function that in excess causes nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. We recently showed that patients with post-infective irritable bowel syndrome have increased postprandial release of 5-HT associated with low-grade T-cell mediated inflammation. Celiac disease is another common disease in which a T-cell enteropathy is associated with increased mucosal 5-HT levels.

Abnormalities of 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism in irritable bowel syndrome.

Background & Aims: 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5-HT 3 ) receptor antagonists improve symptoms in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS), 5-HT 4 agonists help those with constipation-predominant IBS (C-IBS). These data suggest excess or deficiency in 5-HT in D-IBS or C-IBS, respectively. Mucosal 5-HT-containing enterochromaffin cells (EC) are increased in postinfectious IBS (PI-IBS).

Effect of a novel 5-HT3 receptor agonist MKC-733 on upper gastrointestinal motility in humans.

Background: Although 5-HT3 antagonists have been used to treat chemotherapy-induced emesis and diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, the effects of 5-HT3 agonists in humans are unknown.

Aim: To determine the effect of MKC-733, a selective 5-HT3 receptor agonist, on upper gastrointestinal motility.

Methods: Oral MKC-733 (0.

Abnormalities of GI transit in bloated irritable bowel syndrome: effect of bran on transit and symptoms.

Objectives: Bloating is an important but poorly understood symptom in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) that is often aggravated by bran. The aim of our study was to determine whether IBS patients with bloating responded to bran differently from healthy controls.

Methods: A total of 12 patients with IBS (according to Rome I criteria), all with moderate to severe bloating, and 12 healthy controls participated in a two way, double blind, randomized, cross-over trial of bran versus placebo (crushed biscuits) 15 g b.

Evaluation of Pulsincap to provide regional delivery of dofetilide to the human GI tract.

Pulsincap formulations designed to deliver a dose of drug following a 5-h delay were prepared to evaluate the capability of the formulation to deliver dofetilide to the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract. By the expected 5-h release time, the preparations were well dispersed throughout the GI tract, from stomach to colon. Plasma analysis permitted drug absorption to be determined as a function of GI tract site of release.

Night-time quiescence and morning activation in the human colon: effect on transit of dispersed and large single unit formulations.

Objectives: Controlling the delivery of drugs to different regions of the colon remains an elusive goal. The aim of this study was to define the diurnal variation in colonic transit and show how this influences the colonic distribution and residence time of different formulations given either in the morning or evening.

Methods: Colonic transit of small particulates and a large capsule was measured during nocturnal sleep and daytime wakefulness.

Regional differences in quinine absorption from the undisturbed human colon assessed using a timed release delivery system.

Purpose: To investigate the regional absorption characteristics of the distal gut using two markers of permeability, quinine (a transcellular probe) and 51CrEDTA (a paracellular probe).

Methods: The permeability markers were delivered to the undisturbed gastrointestinal tract in 39 healthy volunteers using an oral timed-release delivery vehicle which allowed pulsed release within a particular site of the gut. Site of release was identified using gamma scintigraphy.