The impact of cultural identity, parental communication, and peer influence on substance use among Indigenous youth in Canada.

Heavy drinking and smoking have been found to be among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality within Indigenous youth in North America. The focus of this study was to examine the relative roles of cultural identity, parent-child communication about the harms of substance use (SU), and perception about peers' opinions on heavy drinking and cigarette smoking among Indigenous youth. Strong Indigenous cultural identity, parent-child communication about SU, and affiliation with peers who do not use and/or who disapprove of substance use were all expected to reduce risk for heavy drinking and smoking.

Population-based estimate for the correlation of the Oncotype Dx Breast Recurrence Score® result and Ki-67 IHC MIB-1 pharmDx in HR+, HER2-, node-positive early breast cancer.

Background: The United States Food and Drug Administration recently approved a Ki-67 immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay to identify patients with early breast cancer at high disease recurrence risk. The Oncotype Dx Breast Recurrence Score® assay has been validated in hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) invasive breast cancer (IBC) to predict chemotherapy benefit and distant recurrence risk, regardless of nodal status. This study assessed the correlation between Recurrence Score® (RS) results and the Ki-67 IHC MIB-1 pharmDx assay.

Molecular characterization of breast cancer needle core biopsy specimens by the 21-gene Breast Recurrence Score test.

Background And Objective: Recent COVID-19 pandemic guidelines recommend genomic assessment of core biopsies to help guide treatment decisions in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive early-stage breast cancer. Herein we characterize biopsy and excisional breast cancer specimens submitted for 21-gene testing.

Methods: US samples submitted to Genomic Health for 21-gene testing (01/2004-04/2020) were assessed by pathologists and analyzed by a standardized quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

Identification with ancestral culture is associated with fewer internalizing problems among older Naskapi adolescents.

The manifestations of externalizing and internalizing behaviors among minority adolescents might best be understood by examining their relation to culturally specific factors, such as cultural identity, as well as to factors that seem to be relevant across cultures, such as age and gender. In this study, we examined the roles of age and gender in moderating the relation between self-reported cultural identity and externalizing and internalizing problems and the interaction between Indigenous and Mainstream cultural identity in relation to problematic behaviors. The participants included 61 students (32 female) with a mean age of 14.

Characteristics and clinical management of patients admitted to cholera wards in a regional referral hospital during the 2012 epidemic in Sierra Leone.

Background And Objectives: In 2012, Sierra Leone suffered a nationwide cholera epidemic which affected the capital Freetown and also the provinces. This study aims to describe the characteristics and clinical management of patients admitted to cholera isolation wards of the main referral hospital in the Northern Province and compare management with standard guidelines.

Design: All available clinical records of patients from the cholera isolation wards were reviewed retrospectively.

Estrogen elicits dorsal root ganglion axon sprouting via a renin-angiotensin system.

Many painful conditions occur more frequently in women, and estrogen is a predisposing factor. Estrogen may contribute to some pain syndromes by enhancing axon outgrowth by sensory dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. The objective of the present study was to define mechanisms by which estrogen elicits axon sprouting.

Management of biochemical failure following radical prostatectomy: salvage radiotherapy - a case series.

A retrospective analysis of the outcome of radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer in a single centre and assessment of the role of salvage radiotherapy (RT) for patients with biochemical relapse. Hundred and thirty-seven patients underwent RP for adenocarcinoma of the prostate in our centre between December 1994 and June 2003. Fifty-four of these patients developed a biochemical relapse prostate-specific antigen (PSA > or = 0.

An electrified catheter to resist encrustation by Proteus mirabilis biofilm.

Purpose: We investigated the effect of iontophoresis produced by passing an electric current through silver electrodes attached to catheters on catheter encrustation by crystalline Proteus mirabilis biofilm.

Materials And Methods: Four glass bladder models were catheterized with 16Fr silicone catheters, of which 3 had 0.25 mm silver wires running through and beside the lumen.

Estrogen increases sensory nociceptor neuritogenesis in vitro by a direct, nerve growth factor-independent mechanism.

Estrogen affects many aspects of the nervous system, including pain sensitivity and neural regulation of vascular function. We have shown that estrogen elevation increases sensory nociceptor innervation of arterioles in Sprague-Dawley rat mammary gland, external ear and mesentery, suggesting widespread effects on sensory vasodilatory innervation. However, it is unclear whether estrogen elicits nociceptor hyperinnervation by promoting target release of neurotrophic factors, or by direct effects on sensory neurons.

Should cryopreserved epididymal or testicular sperm be recovered from obstructive azoospermic men for ICSI?

Objective: To determine the effect of the anatomical site of sperm recovery on intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) embryo implantation, pregnancy and live birth rates in couples with isolated obstructive azoospermia as the sole cause of infertility.

Design: Controlled, single centre, retrospective clinical study.

Setting: University Hospital, Centre for Reproductive Medicine.

Estrogen selectively increases sensory nociceptor innervation of arterioles in the female rat.

Differences exist in vascular function and disease susceptibility in males and females, and estrogen is apparently a primary factor. One mechanism by which estrogen may influence vascular function is by affecting vasomotor innervation. We have shown previously that estrogen increases calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive sensory innervation of the rat mammary gland, but it is not known if this occurs in other tissues.

Estrogen regulates vaginal sensory and autonomic nerve density in the rat.

Vaginal function is strongly influenced by reproductive hormone status. Vaginal dysfunction during menopause is generally assumed to occur because of diminished estrogen-mediated trophic support of vaginal target cells. However, peripheral neurons possess estrogen receptors and are potentially responsive to gonadal steroid hormones.

Estrogen increases calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive sensory innervation of rat mammary gland.

Estrogen plays important roles in preparing mammary tissue for lactation. However, estrogen also influences innervation in some tissues. We examined the effect of estrogen on peripheral innervation of mammary tissues of ovariectomized adult virgin female rats.

American Society of Anaesthesiologist Physical Status (ASA-PS): a predictor of treatment outcome of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).

Various factors such as age have been shown to be related to the successful outcome of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Age may not necessarily correlate with the general health and fitness of the patient. A more accurate way to predict outcome of TURP is the pre-operative American Society of Anaesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA-PS) score.

Is the measurement of serum testosterone routinely indicated in men with erectile dysfunction?

Objective: To investigate the usefulness of serum testosterone levels as a relevant or useful indicator of sexual potency in men attending an erectile dysfunction clinic.

Patients And Methods: Ninety consecutive men attending the erectile dysfunction clinic completed a sexual-activity questionnaire, and underwent a focused physical examination and questioning about their medical history. The serum testosterone level was measured in all patients and the results analysed in relation to the patient's age.

Control of transmission of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in a long-term-care facility.

Objectives: To describe the investigation and control of transmission of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in a residential long-term-care (LTC) setting. OUTBREAK INVESTIGATION: A strain of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium not previously isolated in Ontario colonized five residents of a 254-bed LTC facility in Toronto. The index case was identified when VRE was isolated from a urine culture taken after admission to a local hospital.

Renal auto-transplantation with interposed PTFE arterial graft: not necessarily a cure for loin pain/haematuria syndrome.

A case report of a 23 year old man is described who was diagnosed with loin pain/haematuria syndrome. Despite auto-transplantation with interposed polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-prosthesis in the arterial anastomosis the symptoms recurred. A possible mechanism for the recurrent pain is proposed.

Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma of the upper lip. A case report with histochemical features and observations on its histogenesis.

A case of desmoplastic trichoepithelioma of the upper lip investigated by histochemistry and immunocytochemistry is presented. There was histologic suggestion of cytoplasmic vacuolation that does not appear to have been previously described. Histochemical examination indicated the presence of glycogen within tumor cells and a reparative-type stroma.

A prospective study of bladder function following aortic surgery.

Twenty-four patients undergoing aortic surgery for aneurysmal or occlusive aortic disease were studied prospectively to assess the effect on bladder function. Thirteen patients completed the study with post-operative follow-up at 3 months. Aortic surgery was found to be unlikely to cause damage to the parasympathetic nerves.