Intrauterine inflammation exacerbates maladaptive remodeling of the immature myocardium after preterm birth in lambs.

Background: Antenatal conditions that are linked with preterm birth, such as intrauterine inflammation, can influence fetal cardiac development thereby rendering the heart more vulnerable to the effects of prematurity. We aimed to investigate the effect of intrauterine inflammation, consequent to lipopolysaccharide exposure, on postnatal cardiac growth and maturation in preterm lambs.

Methods: Preterm lambs (~129 days gestational age) exposed antenatally to lipopolysaccharide or saline were managed according to contemporary neonatal care and studied at postnatal day 7.

Rare Diseases That Impersonate One Another: X-Linked Hypophosphatemia and Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia, a Retrospective Analysis of Discriminating Features.

Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare paraneoplastic disease characterized by frequent fractures, bone pain, muscle weakness, and affected gait. The rarity of TIO and similar presentation to other phosphate-wasting disorders contribute to a high misdiagnosis rate and long time to correct diagnosis. TIO is curable by tumor resection, so accurate diagnosis has significant impact on patients' emotional and economic burden.

Germline pathogenic variants in cancer risk genes among patients with thyroid cancer and suspected predisposition.

Purpose: Multigene panels allow simultaneous testing of genes involved in cancer predisposition. Thyroid cancer (TCa) is a component tumor of several cancer predisposition syndromes, but the complete landscape of germline variants predisposing to TCa remains to be determined.

Methods: Clinical information and genetic test results were reviewed from over 170,000 individuals who had multigene panel testing for hereditary cancer at a single diagnostic laboratory.

Sustained software development, not number of citations or journal choice, is indicative of accurate bioinformatic software.

Background: Computational biology provides software tools for testing and making inferences about biological data. In the face of increasing volumes of data, heuristic methods that trade software speed for accuracy may be employed. We have studied these trade-offs using the results of a large number of independent software benchmarks, and evaluated whether external factors, including speed, author reputation, journal impact, recency and developer efforts, are indicative of accurate software.

Multiple opportunistic infections (pulmonary tuberculosis, complex and parvovirus B19) in a single patient.

Introduction: HIV infection is a common disease in the South African population. The virus can lead to the development of many opportunistic infections. This case study examines co-infection with three opportunistic infections and the need for clinical suspicion of infections in our HIV population.

Optimization of Thymidine Kinase-Based Safety Switch for Neural Cell Therapy.

Cell therapies based on pluripotent stem cells (PSC), have opened new therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases. However, insufficiently differentiated PSC can lead to tumor formation. Ideally, safety switch therapies should selectively kill proliferative transplant cells while preserving post-mitotic neurons.

Waking up to sleep's role in obesity and blood pressure among Black adolescent girls in low-income, US urban communities: A longitudinal analysis.

Objective: To identify longitudinal bidirectional associations between unique sleep trajectories and obesity and hypertension among Black, adolescent girls.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Longitudinal data were from a randomized controlled trial (2009-2013) implemented in schools serving low-income communities aimed at preventing obesity among adolescent girls (mean age = 12.2 years (standard deviation ± 0.

Prenatal WIC Is Associated with Increased Birth Weight of Infants Born in the United States with Immigrant Mothers.

Background: The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) improves health outcomes for participating mothers and children. Recent immigration policy changes increased chilling effects on WIC access and utilization. Associations between WIC participation and neonatal outcomes among infants born to immigrant parents-23% of all births in the United States-are understudied.

Epidemiology of pre-existing multimorbidity in pregnant women in the UK in 2018: a population-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Although maternal death is rare in the United Kingdom, 90% of these women had multiple health/social problems. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of pre-existing multimorbidity (two or more long-term physical or mental health conditions) in pregnant women in the United Kingdom (England, Northern Ireland, Wales and Scotland).

Study Design: Pregnant women aged 15-49 years with a conception date 1/1/2018 to 31/12/2018 were included in this population-based cross-sectional study, using routine healthcare datasets from primary care: Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD, United Kingdom, n = 37,641) and Secure Anonymized Information Linkage databank (SAIL, Wales, n = 27,782), and secondary care: Scottish Morbidity Records with linked community prescribing data (SMR, Tayside and Fife, n = 6099).

The Essential Network (TEN): Protocol for an Implementation Study of a Digital-First Mental Health Solution for Australian Health Care Workers During COVID-19.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has placed health care workers (HCWs) under severe stress, compounded by barriers to seeking mental health support among HCWs. The Essential Network (TEN) is a blend of digital and person-to-person (blended care) mental health support services for HCWs, funded by the Australian Federal Department of Health as part of their national COVID-19 response strategy. TEN is designed as both a preventative measure and treatment for common mental health problems faced by HCWs.

Psychosocial outcomes of human papillomavirus (HPV)- and non-HPV-related head and neck cancers: A longitudinal study.

Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) has prompted a need to further investigate how this new biomarker changes the head and neck cancer (HNC) psychosocial landscape. This study aimed to: (a) characterize the sociodemographic, psychological, and social profiles of patients with HPV-positive versus -negative squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck; and (b) identify how HPV status contributes to anxiety and depression (primary outcome), quality of life (QoL), and sexuality needs.

Methods: We conducted a prospective longitudinal study of 146 patients newly diagnosed with oral, oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, and hypopharyngeal cancer.

Repeated dose budesonide/formoterol compared to salbutamol in adult asthma: a randomised crossover trial.

Background: Our objective was to determine the comparative bronchodilator, systemic β-agonist, cardiovascular and adverse effects of salbutamol 200 µg and budesonide/formoterol 200/6 µg when taken repeatedly in stable asthma.

Methods: This open-label, crossover, single-centre, controlled trial randomised adults with asthma to different orders of two treatment regimens: salbutamol 200 µg metered-dose inhaler at 0, 30, 60 and 90 min, then salbutamol 2.5 mg nebuliser at 120, 140, 160 and 420 min; or budesonide/formoterol 200/6 µg one actuation Turbuhaler at 0, 30, 60 and 90 min, then two actuations at 120, 140, 160 and 420 min.

Household unmet basic needs in the first 1000 days and preterm birth status.

Objective: To examine the relationship of individual and composite number of unmet basic needs (housing, energy, food, and healthcare hardships) in the past year with preterm birth status among children aged 0-24 months.

Study Design: We examined cross-sectional 2011-18 data of 17,926 families with children aged 0-24 months. We examined children born <31 weeks', 31-33 weeks', and 34-36 weeks' gestation versus term (≥37 weeks) using multivariable multinomial logistic regression.

Grandi Byen-supporting child growth and development through integrated, responsive parenting, nutrition and hygiene: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Poor child growth and development outcomes stem from complex relationships encompassing biological, behavioral, social, and environmental conditions. However, there is a dearth of research on integrated approaches targeting these interwoven factors. The Grandi Byen study seeks to fill this research gap through a three-arm longitudinal randomized controlled trial which will evaluate the impact of an integrated nutrition, responsive parenting, and WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) intervention on holistic child growth and development.

Biological system considerations for application of toxicogenomics in next-generation risk assessment and predictive toxicology.

There is increasing interest in using modern 'omics technologies, such as whole transcriptome sequencing, to inform decisions about human health safety and chemical toxicity hazard. High throughput methodologies using in vitro assays offer a path forward in reducing or eliminating animal testing. However, many aspects of these technologies need assessment before they will gain the trust of regulators and the public as viable alternative test methods for human health and safety.

Time course of human skeletal muscle nitrate and nitrite concentration changes following dietary nitrate ingestion.

Dietary nitrate (NO) ingestion can be beneficial for health and exercise performance. Recently, based on animal and limited human studies, a skeletal muscle NO reservoir has been suggested to be important in whole body nitric oxide (NO) homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to determine the time course of changes in human skeletal muscle NO concentration ([NO]) following the ingestion of dietary NO.

On the Move or Barely Moving? Age-Related Changes in Physical Activity, Sedentary, and Sleep Behaviors by Weekday/Weekend Following Pandemic Control Policies.

This study examined pre-pandemic (2017-early March 2020) to early-pandemic (Spring 2020) changes in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), light PA (LPA), and sedentary behavior/sleep (SS), by weekday/weekend, and age (preschool, elementary, middle school). We re-enrolled children from two pre-pandemic obesity prevention trials and examined differences in accelerometer-measured PA from pre-pandemic to early-pandemic across age groups using linear mixed models. Children ( = 75) were 51% multiple race/ethnicities, 29% preschool, 28% elementary, 43% middle school, 65% suburban, 21% rural, and 13% urban.

E-Cadherin-Deficient Epithelial Cells Are Sensitive to HDAC Inhibitors.

Inactivating germline mutations in the gene (encoding the E-cadherin protein) are the genetic hallmark of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC), and somatic mutations are an early event in the development of sporadic diffuse gastric cancer (DGC) and lobular breast cancer (LBC). In this study, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors were tested for their ability to preferentially inhibit the growth of human cell lines (MCF10A and NCI-N87) and murine organoids lacking expression. breast and gastric cells were more sensitive to the pan-HDAC inhibitors entinostat, pracinostat, mocetinostat and vorinostat than wild-type cells, with an elevated growth inhibition that was, in part, attributable to increased apoptosis.

Validation of watershed-based segmentation of the cartilage surface from sequential CT arthrography scans.

Background: This study investigated the utility of a 2-dimensional watershed algorithm for identifying the cartilage surface in computed tomography (CT) arthrograms of the knee up to 33 minutes after an intra-articular iohexol injection as boundary blurring increased.

Methods: A 2D watershed algorithm was applied to CT arthrograms of 3 bovine stifle joints taken 3, 8, 18, and 33 minutes after iohexol injection and used to segment tibial cartilage. Thickness measurements were compared to a reference standard thickness measurement and the 3-minute time point scan.