Dysglycemia in non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PNET): Further insights into an under recognized entity.

Objective: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are rare, but their incidence has risen significantly in recent years. Whereas diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognized in association with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, it has not been well-characterized concerning non-functioning (NF)-PNETs.Study aim to determine whether NF-PNETs are associated with DM/ Pre-DM and characterize the features of this putative association.

A Lymph Node Ratio Model for Prognosis of Patients with Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.

The objective of this study was to determine the prognostic value of lymph node (LN) involvement and the LN ratio (LNR) and their effect on recurrence rates and survival in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) undergoing surgery. This single-center retrospective study reviewed the medical records of 95 consecutive patients diagnosed with PNETs who underwent surgery at our medical center between 1997 and 2017. The retrieved information included patient demographics, pathology reports, treatments, and oncological outcomes.

Data From a One-Stop-Shop Comprehensive Cancer Screening Center.

Purpose: Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. However, by implementing evidence-based prevention strategies, 30%-50% of cancers can be detected early with improved outcomes. At the integrated cancer prevention center (ICPC), we aimed to increase early detection by screening for multiple cancers during one visit.

Spectral CT of the abdomen: Where are we now?

Spectral CT adds a new dimension to radiological evaluation, beyond assessment of anatomical abnormalities. Spectral data allows for detection of specific materials, improves image quality while at the same time reducing radiation doses and contrast media doses, and decreases the need for follow up evaluation of indeterminate lesions. We review the different acquisition techniques of spectral images, mainly dual-source, rapid kV switching and dual-layer detector, and discuss the main spectral results available.

Integrase-derived peptides together with CD24-targeted lentiviral particles inhibit the growth of CD24 expressing cancer cells.

The integration of viral DNA into the host genome is mediated by viral integrase, resulting in the accumulation of double-strand breaks. Integrase-derived peptides (INS and INR) increase the number of integration events, leading to escalated genomic instability that induces apoptosis. CD24 is a surface protein expressed mostly in cancer cells and is very rarely found in normal cells.

Palliative bypass surgery for patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma: experience from a tertiary center.

Background: As advances in oncological treatment continue to prolong the survival of patients with non-resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), decision-making regarding palliative surgical bypass in patients with a heavy disease burden turns challenging. Here we present the results of a pancreatic surgery referral center.

Methods: Patients that underwent palliative gastrojejunostomy and/or hepaticojejunostomy for advanced, non-resectable PDAC between January 2010 and November 2018 were retrospectively assessed.

CT for Acute Nontraumatic Abdominal Pain-Is Oral Contrast Really Required?

Rationale And Objectives: This study aims to compare the diagnostic performance of abdominal computed tomography (CT) performed with and without oral contrast in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with acute nontraumatic abdominal pain.

Materials And Methods: Between December 2013 and December 2014, 348 adult patients presenting to the ED of a large tertiary medical center with nontraumatic abdominal pain were evaluated. Exclusion criteria for the study were history of inflammatory bowel disease, recent abdominal operation and suspected renal colic, abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture, or intestinal obstruction.

PANCREATIC INCIDENTALOMA: DIFFERENTIATING NONFUNCTIONING PANCREATIC NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS FROM INTRAPANCREATIC ACCESSORY SPLEEN.

Objective: To improve the preoperative assessment of pancreatic incidentalomas (PIs) by analysis of 1 index case and characterization of the published features of intrapancreatic accessory spleen (IPAS) compared to pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET).

Methods: A search of the literature using the online database MEDLINE.

Results: In all, 46 cases of IPAS have been described to date: 17 were "presumed" as IPAS based on technetium-99m (Tc-99m) scanning, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) stain for CD8, or contrast-enhanced sonography; 29 were misdiagnosed as PNET and underwent surgery.

One stop screening for multiple cancers: the experience of an integrated cancer prevention center.

Background: Cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Screening is a key strategy for reducing cancer morbidity and mortality.

Methods: We aimed to describe the experience of an integrated cancer prevention center in screening an asymptomatic population for the presence of neoplasia.

Virtual nonenhanced abdominal dual-energy MDCT: Analysis of image characteristics.

Aim: To evaluate abdominal and pelvic image characteristics and artifacts on virtual nonenhanced (VNE) images generated from contrast-enhanced dual-energy multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) studies.

Methods: Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Institutional Review Board approval was obtained; 22 patients underwent clinically-indicated abdominal and pelvic single-source dual-energy MDCT (Philips Healthcare, Cleveland, OH, USA), pre- and post-IV administration of Omnipaque 300 contrast (100 cc). Various solid and vascular structures were evaluated.

Cystic tumors of the pancreas: high malignant potential.

Background: Cystic tumors of the pancreas are rare, accounting for 10% of pancreatic cysts and 1% of all pancreatic tumors; surgery is dictated by their malignant potential.

Objectives: To evaluate the malignancy rate of pancreatic cystic tumors and patient outcome, and to determine predictors for malignant potential.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent pancreatic resection for cystic tumors between January 1996 and December 2007.

Radiologists' performance in the diagnosis of acute intestinal ischemia, using MDCT and specific CT findings, using a variety of CT protocols.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of radiologists in the diagnosis of acute intestinal ischemia using specific multi-detector CT findings. The abdominal CT scans of 90 patients were retrospectively reviewed by three radiologists: an abdominal imaging specialist, an experienced general radiologist, and a senior resident. Forty-seven patients had surgically proven intestinal ischemia and comprised the case group, while 43 patients had no evidence of intestinal ischemia at surgery and comprised the control group.

Dual-energy derived virtual nonenhanced computed tomography imaging: current status and applications.

Radiation exposure is a growing concern, and computed tomography is a main contributor to overall radiation dose in American patients. Dual-energy computed tomography, by allowing virtual nonenhanced (VNE) imaging, may obviate the need for image acquisition during a true nonenhanced phase when multiphase studies are needed, thereby reducing radiation exposure. Various groups have reported on the technical feasibility and clinical applicability of VNE imaging in the kidney, liver, lung, brain, and aorta.

First report of screening an asymptomatic population for cancer: the yield of an integrated cancer prevention center.

Background: Cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. The most effective way to combat cancer is by prevention and early detection.

Objectives: To evaluate the outcome of screening an asymptomatic population for the presence of benign and neoplastic lesions.

Femoral head density on CT scans of patients following hip fracture fixation by expandable proximal peg or dynamic screw.

Computed tomography (CT) is currently considered to be an accurate method for evaluating bone density. We evaluated the CT measurements of bone density using the Hounsfield units (HUs) in 23 patients who had been operated in the past for an extra-capsular hip fracture. Twelve patients were treated with a dynamic hip screw and 11 with a proximal femoral expandable hip nail.

CT colonography with decreased purgation: balancing preparation, performance, and patient acceptance.

Objective: Reduction or elimination of catharsis with fecal tagging enhances the tolerability of CT colonography (CTC) and may increase compliance with colorectal cancer (CRC) screening recommendations. We systematically reviewed studies that prospectively evaluated performance and patient satisfaction with decreased-purgation CTC and with optical colonoscopy.

Conclusion: The nine studies reviewed showed moderate-to-good performance for decreased-purgation CTC; however, data are limited, and study design and data presentation are inconsistent.

Clinical presentation can predict disease course in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas.

Background: Preoperative diagnosis of malignancy within intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas (IPMN) solely by clinical or radiological findings is not always possible. We sought a correlation between preoperative clinico-radiological findings and outcome.

Methods: A prospective database of pancreatic resections for IPMN (2002-2008) and a retrospective pathological revision of all pancreatic cancer specimens (1995-2001) were analyzed.

Liver lesions with hepatic capsular retraction.

Retraction of the liver capsule may be associated with a diverse spectrum of benign and malignant etiologies. The more common causes include focal confluent fibrosis in cirrhotic livers, cholangiocarcinoma, and treated liver tumors, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, metastases, and lymphoma. Less common etiologies include primary sclerosing cholangitis, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, hepatic hemangioma, solitary fibrous tumor of the liver, and hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor.

Pancreatic incidentalomas: high rate of potentially malignant tumors.

Background: Pancreatic incidentaloma (PI) is an increasingly common diagnosis that has received little attention. We characterized these tumors and compared them with symptomatic pancreatic tumors (nonincidentaloma [NI]).

Study Design: A retrospective database of 475 consecutive pancreatectomies that were performed from January 1995 to June 2007 at our institution was analyzed.

Peer review in diagnostic radiology: current state and a vision for the future.

Over the past decade, the level of interest in improving the quality of healthcare in the United States has increased. New requirements established by regulatory organizations require the ongoing practice-based evaluation of physician performance. Peer review, a key process in physician performance evaluation, is geared primarily toward measuring diagnostic accuracy.

Computed tomography colonography ("virtual colonoscopy") in Israel: results of the National CT Colonography Survey of the Israeli Association of Abdominal Imaging and the Israeli Radiological Association.

Background: Computed tomographio colonography, also known as virtual colonoscopy, is a rapid, non-invasive imaging technique to detect colorectal masses and polyps that is becoming increasingly popular.

Objectives: To evaluate the availability, technique, standards of performance and indications for CT colonography in Israel.

Methods: A questionnaire on CT colonography was sent to all radiology departments and private institutions that perform CTC in Israel.

CT colonography: positioning order and intracolonic pressure.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the effect of the order of positions on sustained rectal pressure and factors affecting pain perceived by patients during air-insufflated CT colonography.

Subjects And Methods: Rectal pressure was measured in the supine and prone positions for CT colonography of 379 patients in two groups. One hundred seventy-seven patients underwent imaging supine and then prone, and 202 patients were prone and then supine.

Redefining late acute graft pancreatitis: clinical presentation, radiologic findings, principles of management, and prognosis.

Objective: To define the incidence, clinical presentation, radiologic findings and principles of diagnosis, and management of acute graft pancreatitis occurring more than 3 months after transplantation.

Summary Background Data: Acute graft pancreatitis is a frequent late complication after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT) with enteric drainage that is not well understood.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of data from patients who underwent SPKT with enteric drainage at our institution.