Interactive video retrieval evaluation at a distance: comparing sixteen interactive video search systems in a remote setting at the 10th Video Browser Showdown.

The Video Browser Showdown addresses difficult video search challenges through an annual interactive evaluation campaign attracting research teams focusing on interactive video retrieval. The campaign aims to provide insights into the performance of participating interactive video retrieval systems, tested by selected search tasks on large video collections. For the first time in its ten year history, the Video Browser Showdown 2021 was organized in a fully remote setting and hosted a record number of sixteen scoring systems.

An Increased Diagnostic Sensitivity of Truncated GAD65 Autoantibodies in Type 1 Diabetes May Be Related to HLA-DQ8.

N-terminally truncated (96-585) GAD65 (tGAD65) autoantibodies may better delineate type 1 diabetes than full-length GAD65 (fGAD65) autoantibodies. We aimed to compare the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity between fGAD65 and tGAD65 autoantibodies for type 1 diabetes in relation to HLA-DQ. Sera from children and adolescents with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes ( = 654) and healthy control subjects ( = 605) were analyzed in radiobinding assays for fGAD65 (fGADA), tGAD65 (tGADA), and commercial I-GAD65 (RSRGADA) autoantibodies.

Hyperglycemia in Acutely Ill Non-diabetic Children in the Emergency Rooms of 2 Tertiary Hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria.

Objectives: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of hyperglycemia in sick children admitted into the emergency rooms and to investigate its relationship with adverse outcomes.

Methods: A prospective study involving 2 tertiary hospitals in Lagos. Study subjects included all children aged beyond 1 month.

Growth hormone (GH) dose-dependent IGF-I response relates to pubertal height gain.

Background: Responsiveness to GH treatment can be estimated by both growth and ∆IGF-I. The primary aim of the present study was to investigate if mimicking the physiological increase during puberty in GH secretion, by using a higher GH dose could lead to pubertal IGFs in short children with low GH secretion. The secondary aim was to explore the relationship between IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio and gain in height.

Country-based reference values and international comparisons of clitoral size in healthy Nigerian newborn infants.

Aim: Clitoral size references are useful for diagnosing genital abnormalities. Despite the fact that examining the genitalia is an important aspect of newborn evaluation, few studies have been carried out to determine normal clitoral size in newborn infants. The aim of this study was to establish reference values for clitoral size in Nigerian newborn girls and to compare them with references from other ethnic populations.

First-borns have greater BMI and are more likely to be overweight or obese: a study of sibling pairs among 26,812 Swedish women.

Background: A number of large studies have shown phenotypic differences between first-borns and later-borns among adult men. In this study, we aimed to assess whether birth order was associated with height and BMI in a large cohort of Swedish women.

Methods: Information was obtained from antenatal clinic records from the Swedish National Birth Register over 20 years (1991-2009).

Adapted ECHO-7 virus Rigvir immunotherapy (oncolytic virotherapy) prolongs survival in melanoma patients after surgical excision of the tumour in a retrospective study.

An oncolytic, nonpathogenic ECHO-7 virus adapted for melanoma that has not been genetically modified (Rigvir) is approved and registered for virotherapy, an active and specific immunotherapy, in Latvia since 2004. The present retrospective study was carried out to determine the effectiveness of Rigvir in substage IB, IIA, IIB and IIC melanoma patients on time to progression and overall survival. White patients (N=79) who had undergone surgical excision of the primary melanoma tumour were included in this study.

Growth Hormone Treatment Improves Cognitive Function in Short Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency.

Background/aims: We investigated the association between cognition and growth hormone (GH) status and GH treatment in short prepubertal children with broadly ranging GH secretion.

Methods: A total of 99 children (age 3-11 years), 41 with GH deficiency (GHD) and 58 with idiopathic short stature (ISS), were randomized to a fixed dose (43 µg/kg/day) or a prediction model-guided individualized dose (17-100 µg/kg/day) and followed up for 24 months. In a longitudinal and mixed within- and between-subjects study, we examined clinical effect size changes, measured by Cohen's d, in full-scale IQ (FSIQ) and secondary IQ indices.

Isoallopregnanolone antagonize allopregnanolone-induced effects on saccadic eye velocity and self-reported sedation in humans.

Allopregnanolone (AP) is an endogenous neurosteroid. It modulates the effect of γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA) on the GABA type A (GABAA) receptor, which leads to increased receptor activity. Since the GABA-system is mainly inhibitory, increased AP activity leads to modulation of neuronal activity.

Growth hormone dose-dependent pubertal growth: a randomized trial in short children with low growth hormone secretion.

Background/aims: Growth hormone (GH) treatment regimens do not account for the pubertal increase in endogenous GH secretion. This study assessed whether increasing the GH dose and/or frequency of administration improves pubertal height gain and adult height (AH) in children with low GH secretion during stimulation tests, i.e.

Reduced morbidity at diagnosis and improved glycemic control in children previously enrolled in DiPiS follow-up.

Aims/hypothesis: Children participating in longitudinal type 1 diabetes prediction studies were reported to have less severe disease at diabetes diagnosis. Our aim was to investigate children who from birth participated in the Diabetes Prediction in Skåne (DiPiS) study for metabolic status at diagnosis and then continued to be followed for 2 yr of regular clinical care.

Methods: Children, followed in DiPiS before diagnosis, were compared to children in the same birth cohort, who did not participate in follow-up.

IGF-1 and growth response to adult height in a randomized GH treatment trial in short non-GH-deficient children.

Context: GH treatment significantly increased adult height (AH) in a dose-dependent manner in short non-GH-deficient children in a randomized, controlled, clinical trial; the mean gain in height SD score (heightSDS) was 1.3 (range 0-3), compared with 0.2 in the untreated group.

Psychological and social outcome of epilepsy in well-functioning children and adolescents. A 10-year follow-up study.

Background: From a population based study of epilepsy in Swedish children a subgroup designated well-functioning with an epilepsy diagnosis in 1997 was worked up from a medical point of view 10 years later.

Aim: To describe the psychological and social outcome in this subgroup.

Methods: Thirty-one patients aged 11-22 years and their parents/partners responded to a questionnaire according to Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) to evaluate behavioural and emotional problems, and social competence.

The cost-effectiveness of growth hormone replacement therapy (Genotropin®) in hypopituitary adults in Sweden.

Background: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of growth hormone (GH) treatment (Genotropin®) compared with no GH treatment in adults with GH deficiency in a Swedish societal setting.

Methods: A Markov-type cost-utility simulation model was constructed and used to simulate, for men and women, morbidity and mortality for GH-treated and -untreated individuals over a 20-year period. The calculations were performed using current available prices concerning morbidity-related healthcare costs and costs for Genotropin®.

Early electrophysiological abnormalities and clinical neuropathy: a prospective study in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: The aim of this study was to elucidate whether subclinical nerve dysfunction as reflected by neurophysiological testing predicts the development of clinical neuropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Fifty-nine patients were studied twice with neurophysiological measurements at baseline and at follow-up. At baseline, patients were 15.

Relationship between Ljungan virus antibodies, HLA-DQ8, and insulin autoantibodies in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes children.

Environmental factors, including viral infections, may explain an increasing and fluctuating incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes (T1D). Ljungan virus (LV) isolated from bank voles have been implicated, but it is unclear whether LV contributes to islet autoimmunity, progression to clinical onset, or both, of T1D. The aim was to test whether LV antibodies (LVAb) were related to HLA-DQ and islet autoantibodies in newly diagnosed T1D patients (n=676) and controls (n=309).

Glucose tolerance and beta-cell function in islet autoantibody-positive children recruited to a secondary prevention study.

Aims: Children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk and islet autoantibodies are recruited to a secondary prevention study. The aims were to determine metabolic control in relation to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genetic risk and islet autoantibodies in prepubertal children.

Methods: In 47 healthy children with GADA and at least one additional islet autoantibody, intravenous glucose tolerance test (IvGTT) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were performed 8-65 d apart.

Changes in mortality and causes of death in the Swedish Down syndrome population.

During the past few decades age at death for individuals with Down syndrome (DS) has increased dramatically. The birth frequency of infants with DS has long been constant in Sweden. Thus, the prevalence of DS in the population is increasing.

Response to GH treatment in adult GH deficiency is predicted by gender, age, and IGF1 SDS but not by stimulated GH-peak.

Objective: We studied whether the severity of GH deficiency (GHD) defined as i) GH-peak on stimulation tests (insulin tolerance test (ITT), arginine, and glucagon), ii) number of additional pituitary deficits, or iii) baseline IGF1 SDS could impact the response to GH treatment. We further explored whether iv) IGF1 SDS after 24 months of GH replacement or v) ΔIGF1 SDS from baseline to 24 months was related to the phenotypic response to GH treatment. DESIGN, PATIENTS, AND MEASUREMENTS: The patient cohort (n=1752; 50% women) was obtained from KIMS (Pfizer International Metabolic Database).

Adipokines and their relation to maternal energy substrate production, insulin resistance and fetal size.

Objective: The role of adipokines in the regulation of energy substrate production in non-diabetic pregnant women has not been elucidated. We hypothesize that serum concentrations of adiponectin are related to fetal growth via maternal fat mass, insulin resistance and glucose production, and further, that serum levels of leptin are associated with lipolysis and that this also influences fetal growth. Hence, we investigated the relationship between adipokines, energy substrate production, insulin resistance, body composition and fetal weight in non-diabetic pregnant women in late gestation.

GH deficiency during the transition period: clinical characteristics before and after GH replacement therapy in two different subgroups of patients.

Objective: To study two subsets of patients with GH deficiency (GHD) during the transition period: childhood onset GHD (CO-GHD) and patients who develop GHD during the transition phase (TO-GHD) before and after GH replacement.

Patients And Measurements: In 1340 GHD subjects from KIMS (Pfizer International Metabolic Database), CO (n=586) or TO (n=754), background characteristics, anthropometric measurements, IGF-1, lipids and quality of life (QoL) were evaluated at baseline and after 3 years of GH replacement.

Results: Both groups responded similarly to GH treatment.

When do short children realize they are short? Prepubertal short children's perception of height during 24 months of catch-up growth hormone treatment.

Aim: To examine perceived height during the first 24 months of growth hormone (GH) treatment in short prepubertal children.

Methods: Ninety-nine 3- to 11-year-old short prepubertal children with either isolated GH deficiency (n = 32) or idiopathic short stature (n = 67) participated in a 24-month randomized trial of individualized or fixed-dose GH treatment. Children's and parents' responses to three perceived height measures: relative height (Silhouette Apperception Test), sense of height (VAS short/tall), and judgment of appropriate height (yes/no) were compared to measured height.

Growth of the Kalahari Desert's bushman--the Ju/'hoansi San.

Aim: The Ju/'hoansi San (JHS) of the Kalahari Desert are the archetype of a hunter-gatherer society that practices natural fertility, living on a rich diet in a harsh environs.

Methods: To explore the evolutionary adaptation of child growth under such conditions, the present study takes a life history approach and compares the growth data of 140 JHS females and 126 JHS males age 1-25 to those in 3rd percentile American and Swedish references. The data are based on observations of the JHS that were made in 1967-1969.

Similar clinical features among patients with severe adult growth hormone deficiency diagnosed with insulin tolerance test or arginine or glucagon stimulation tests.

Objective: To determine whether insulin tolerance tests (ITTs), arginine stimulation tests (ASTs), and glucagon stimulation tests (GST) identify patients who have similar clinical features of growth hormone (GH) deficiency when a diagnostic GH threshold of 3 μg/L is used.

Methods: Data were obtained from the KIMS database (Pfizer International Metabolic Database). Comparisons were made between patients who underwent ITT, AST, or GST for GH peak, body mass index, lipids, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and quality of life.