Elevated Bone Hardness Under Denosumab Treatment, With Persisting Lower Osteocyte Viability During Discontinuation.

Denosumab is a potent osteoclast inhibitor targeted to prevent osteoporotic bone loss and thereby reduce fractures in the aging population. Recently, an elevated risk of rebound fractures following denosumab discontinuation was identified, unless patients were transitioned to an alternative antiresorptive medication. How denosumab affects the interaction of mechanosensitive osteocytes and bone quality remains unknown.

CT- and ultrasound-characteristics of hepatic lesions in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome. A retrospective image review of 25 cases.

Introduction: Liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumors in multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome are common (75%) and significantly impairs the prognosis. Characterisation of liver lesions in these patients is challenging, as liver metastases are difficult to differentiate from benign liver lesions such as haemangioma.

Methods: In this study we aimed to characterize the radiological findings of hepatic metastases in MEN patients.

Setbacks in Alzheimer research demand new strategies, not surrender.

In this month's editorial, the PLOS Medicine Editors discuss the challenges of addressing a growing population with Alzheimer disease and dementia amidst disappointing news from the pharmaceutical industry.

Predictive value of MRI features for development of radiographic osteoarthritis in a cohort of participants with pre-radiographic knee osteoarthritis-the CHECK study.

Objective: To determine whether MRI features are associated with development of radiographic knee OA and can be used as a predictive tool in early knee OA.

Methods: In 148 participants of the Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee study (mean age 56 years, 78% women), with a Kellgren Lawrence (KL) score ⩽1, we obtained semi-quantitatively scored knee MRI scans and radiographs at baseline. After 5 years, we determined the development of radiographic knee OA (KL ⩾2).

Potential of quantitative susceptibility mapping for detection of prostatic calcifications.

Purpose: To evaluate whether quantitative susceptibility (QSM) may be used as an alternative to computed tomography (CT) to detect calcification in prostate cancer patients.

Materials And Methods: Susceptibility map calculation was performed using 3D gradient echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 26 patients measured at 3T who previously received a planning CT of the prostate. Phase images were unwrapped using Laplacian-based phase unwrapping, the background field was removed with the V-SHARP method, and susceptibility maps were calculated with the iLSQR method.

Histological response assessment following neoadjuvant isolated limb perfusion in patients with primary, localised, high-grade soft tissue sarcoma.

Purpose: Histological response assessment following neoadjuvant treatment can help identify patients at a higher risk for systemic disease progression. Our goal was to evaluate whether mitotic count and the amount of viable tumour following neoadjuvant isolated limb perfusion (ILP) for primary, locally advanced, non-metastatic, high-grade extremity soft tissue sarcoma correlate with prognosis.

Patients And Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of 61 patients who underwent neoadjuvant ILP followed by surgical resection with curative intent between 2001 and 2011.

Prognostic relevance of ¹⁸F-FDG PET uptake in patients with locally advanced, extremity soft tissue sarcomas undergoing neoadjuvant isolated limb perfusion with TNF-α and melphalan.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine whether (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) can adequately assess the risk of systemic disease progression in patients with primary, localized, high-grade soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities undergoing neoadjuvant isolated limb perfusion (ILP) with tumour necrosis factor and melphalan.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of the files of 35 patients who underwent a PET or PET/CT scan prior to and after ILP followed by surgical resection with curative intent between 2006 and 2012. SUVmax₁ was defined as the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) at diagnosis, SUVmax₂ as the maximum SUV after ILP and ΔSUVmax as the percentage difference between SUVmax1 and SUVmax₂.

Bisphosphonate-osteoclasts: changes in osteoclast morphology and function induced by antiresorptive nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate treatment in osteoporosis patients.

Osteoclasts are unique cells capable of bone resorption and therefore have become a major target in osteoporosis treatment strategies. Bisphosphonates suppress bone turnover via interference with the internal enzymatic cell system of osteoclasts leading to cytoskeletal disruption. This mechanism found its clinical relevance in reducing bone resorption, stabilizing bone mass and reducing fracture risk in osteoporosis patients.

Congenital osteofibrous dysplasia Campanacci: spontaneous postbioptic regression.

Osteofibrous dysplasia Campanacci is a rare benign bone tumor most frequently observed in young childhood. The exclusive localization in the tibia is very characteristic. The incidence of congenital primary bone tumors is an absolute rarity.

Trabecular reorganization in consecutive iliac crest biopsies when switching from bisphosphonate to strontium ranelate treatment.

Background: Several agents are available to treat osteoporosis while addressing patient-specific medical needs. Individuals' residual risk to severe fracture may require changes in treatment strategy. Data at osseous cellular and microstructural levels due to a therapy switch between agents with different modes of action are rare.

Quantitative MRI using T1ρ and T2 in human osteoarthritic cartilage specimens: correlation with biochemical measurements and histology.

Purpose: A direct correlation between T(1ρ), T(2) and quantified proteoglycan and collagen contents in human osteoarthritic cartilage has yet to be documented. We aimed to investigate the orientation effect on T(1ρ) and T(2) values in human osteoarthritic cartilage and to quantify the correlation between T(1ρ), T(2) vs. biochemical composition and histology in human osteoarthritic cartilage.

Teriparatide following bisphosphonates: initial and long-term effects on microarchitecture and bone remodeling at the human iliac crest.

Since the approval of teriparatide for clinical application, a number of iliac crest studies have focused on increases in bone volume or changes in structural parameters with microCT and numerical changes in histomorphometry. This investigation is based on individual histopathological observations related to early and late effects of teriparatide treatment in humans. A total of 44 (18 paired) iliac crest biopsies (ICB) from 41 patients receiving teriparatide (10 months +/- 6 months) following bisphosphonate (BP) treatment were investigated for hematopoietic changes, bone turnover, and description of microarchitectural changes using histology and selective microCT.