Community health nurses' concerns about infant regulatory problems are predictive of mental disorders diagnosed at hospital: a prospective cohort study.

Introduction: Regulatory problems of eating, sleeping, and crying in infancy may index mental health vulnerability in older ages, and knowledge is needed to inform strategies to break the developmental trajectories of dysregulation in early childhood. In this study, we examined the prospective associations between infant regulatory problems at the age of 8-10 months identified by community health nurses (CHN) and mental disorders diagnosed in hospital settings in children aged 1-8 years.

Methods: From a cohort of all newborn children in 15 municipalities in the Capital Region of Copenhagen ( = 43,922) we included all children who were examined by CHNs at the scheduled home visit at the age of 8-10 months ( = 36,338).

Persistent Social Inequality in Adolescent Health Indicators 1991-2022: Trend Study From Denmark.

Objectives: To examine trends in socioeconomic inequality in adolescent health over three decades, across fifteen health indicators: overweight, underweight, headache, stomachache, backpain, emotional symptoms, difficulties falling asleep, loneliness, low life satisfaction, low self-rated heath, smoking, drunkenness, physical inactivity, low vegetable intake, and inadequate toothbrushing.

Methods: The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in Denmark included nine identical surveys of 11-15-year-olds from 1991 to 2022, n = 35,423. For each health indicator, we measured absolute and relative socioeconomic inequality by prevalence differences and odds ratios between low and high socioeconomic groups.

Mental Health and Medicine Use for Headache: A Nationally Representative Study of Adolescents in Denmark.

Purpose: This study examined the prevalence of headache medicine use among Danish adolescents and explores the link between mental health, frequent headaches, and medicine use for headache. We hypothesized that poor mental health increases headache occurrence, leading to greater medicine use.

Methods: The 2022 Danish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study surveyed 5292 students aged 11, 13, and 15.

Bullying at School, Cyberbullying, and Loneliness: National Representative Study of Adolescents in Denmark.

Aims: The aim was to examine how loneliness was associated with bullying victimization at school and online.

Methods: We used data from the Danish arm of the international Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study from 2022. The study population was a nationally representative sample of 11-15-year-olds who completed the internationally standardized HBSC questionnaire at school, = 5382.

Recurrent headache, stomachache, and backpain among adolescents: association with exposure to bullying and parents' socioeconomic status.

Objectives: Recurrent pain is a prevalent and severe public health problem among adolescents and is associated with several negative health outcomes. In a representative sample of adolescents this study examined 1) whether exposure to bullying and low socioeconomic status (SES) were associated with recurrent headache, stomachache and backpain, 2) the combined effect of exposure to bullying and low SES on recurrent pain and 3) whether SES modified the association between bullying and recurrent pain.

Methods: Data derived from the Danish contribution to the international collaborative study Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC).

Motor development problems in infancy predict mental disorders in childhood: a longitudinal cohort study.

Unlabelled: The purpose of this study is to examine whether motor development problems in infancy predicted mental disorders later in childhood, taking a wide array of potential confounding variables into consideration. This longitudinal study included an unselected study population of 33238 newborn children from the Copenhagen area, Denmark. Data on the predictor variable, motor development problems at 8-10 months of age, were obtained from the community health nurses' systematic evaluation of the child's motor development during a home visit and stored in the Child Health Database.

Lonely, but Not Alone: Qualitative Study among Immigrant and Native-Born Adolescents.

This paper explores loneliness as it is understood and experienced by adolescents, with a special focus on the importance of their migration status. We recruited students from five schools following a maximum variation sampling scheme, and we conducted 15 semi-structured, individual interviews with eighth-grade adolescents (aged 14-15 years) that were immigrants, descendants, and with a Danish majority background. A thematic analysis was applied with a special focus on differences and similarities in understanding and experiencing loneliness between adolescents with diverse migration status.

Underweight among adolescents in Denmark: prevalence, trends (1998-2018), and association of underweight with socioeconomic status.

Background: Underweight among adolescents is an important clinical and public health issue. It is associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life-span and may reflect food poverty, unhealthy eating habits, or some underlying health conditions.

Objective: To study prevalence and trends in underweight among adolescents 1998-2018, to examine social inequality in underweight, and whether social inequality changed over time.

Chronic backpain among adolescents in Denmark: trends 1991-2018 and association with socioeconomic status.

Chronic backpain among adolescents is important because the prevalence is high, above 10%, and more than 10% of all adolescents experience impacts on important day-to-day activities. Chronic backpain tracks into adulthood and is associated with several health problems. The objective was to study trends in the prevalence of chronic backpain among adolescents 1991-2018, to examine the association with socioeconomic status (SES), and whether this association changed over time.

Parental education, parent-child relations and diagnosed mental disorders in childhood: prospective child cohort study.

Background: Mental disorder in childhood is an important public health issue. We aimed to examine the prospective association between parental education at childbirth and diagnosed mental disorders in young children and explore whether this association was mediated or modified by parent-child relations in infancy.

Methods: Prospective cohort study of all newborn was from 2002 to 2010 from 16 municipalities in the capital region of Copenhagen, Denmark, with follow-up until their 8th birthday, N = 40 762.

Social inequality in parent-infant relations: Epidemiological study of community nurse records.

Some studies suggest that favourable socioeconomic circumstances are associated with better parent-child relations but the documentation of such an association is limited and inconsistent. Few studies focused on infancy, few studies relied on objective measurement of parent-infant relations, and few studies included more than one measurement of parent-infant relations in the first year of life. To report the prevalence of objectively measured problems in parent-infant relations during the first year of life and to examine the association between socioeconomic circumstances and parent-infant relations in an unselected community sample of infants.

Recurrent abdominal pain among adolescents: trends and social inequality 1991-2018.

Objectives: The association between socioeconomic status and recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) among adolescents is an understudied issue. No study has examined whether such an association changes over time. The aim was to examine trends in RAP among adolescents in Denmark from 1991 to 2018, to examine whether there was social inequality in RAP and whether this inequality varied over time.

Trends in social inequality in overweight and obesity among adolescents in Denmark 1998-2018.

Objectives: The aim was to analyze trends in overweight and obesity in relation to socioeconomic position among Danish adolescents in the 20-year period 1998-2018.

Methods: The study used data on self-reported height and weight and parents' occupational social class (OSC) from 11-, 13- and 15-year-old schoolchildren in 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018, n = 22,177. The analyses included absolute social inequality in overweight/obesity (prevalence difference between low and high OSC) and relative social inequality (OR for overweight/obesity).

Loneliness in the lives of Danish adolescents: Associations with health and sleep.

We examined the relationship between loneliness and health among young adolescents. We also investigated the validity of a single-item measure of loneliness by comparing this to a composite score. The current data come from a nationally representative sample of 11- to 15-year-old adolescents (=3305; =52%) from Denmark collected in 2014 as part of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) collaborative cross-national survey.

Intake of sugar sweetened soft drinks among adolescents: Trends and social inequality in Denmark 2002-2018.

Background: Intake of sugar sweetened soft drinks (SSSD) has decreased among adolescents, but trends in social inequality in SSSD intake are unknown.

Aim: Examine trends in social inequality in SSSD intake among adolescents in Denmark during 2002-2018.

Methods: Five Health Behaviour in School-aged Children surveys with data on SSSD intake and parents' occupational social class (OSC) from nationally representative samples of 11, 13 and 15 year olds, =20,112.

Difficulties falling asleep among adolescents: Social inequality and time trends 1991-2018.

Sleep problems in adolescence are increasingly common, and associated with adverse health and psychological outcomes. Adolescents' sleep problems may be related to the family's socioeconomic status, but studies are few and no study has examined whether social inequality in sleep problems changes as sleep problems become increasingly common. This study examined trends in difficulties falling asleep among adolescents in Denmark, whether this sleep problem was associated with socioeconomic status, and whether this association changed from 1991 to 2018.

Self-efficacy and social competence reduce socioeconomic inequality in emotional symptoms among schoolchildren.

Background: Many adolescents experience mental health problems which may have serious consequences for short- and long-term health and wellbeing. This study investigates socioeconomic inequality in emotional symptoms, self-efficacy and social competence. Further, whether self-efficacy and social competence reduce socioeconomic inequalities in emotional symptoms.

Trends in socioeconomic differences in daily smoking among 15-year-old Danes 1991-2014.

To examine trends in socioeconomic differences in daily smoking among 15-year-old Danes between 1991-2014, using occupational social class as indicator of socioeconomic status. : The study included 15-year-olds participating in seven Danish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children studies between 1991-2014, = 8,641. The analyses focused on absolute socioeconomic differences (prevalence difference between low and high occupational social class) and relative socioeconomic differences communicated by odds ratio for daily smoking.

Construct validity of a service-setting based measure to identify mental health problems in infancy.

Accumulating research document the needs of intervention towards mental health problems in early childhood. The general child health surveillance offers opportunities for early detection of mental health vulnerability, conditioned the availability of feasible and validated measures. The Copenhagen Infant Mental Health Questionnaire, CIMHQ, was developed to be feasible for community health nurses and comprehensive regarding the range of mental health problems seen in infancy.

Short report: persistent social inequality in poor self-rated health among adolescents in Denmark 1991-2014.

The aim was to examine trends in social inequality in poor self-rated health (SRH) among adolescents in Denmark 1991-2014. The analysis included 18 996 11-15-year-old school children from the cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children studies in 1991, 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014. Across the five surveys, the prevalence of poor SRH was 14.

Conceptualization, operationalization, and content validity of the EQOL-questionnaire measuring quality of life and participation for persons with disabilities.

Background: Measurement of quality of life demands thoroughly developed and validated instruments. The development steps from theory to concepts and from empirical data to items are sparsely described in the literature of questionnaire development. Furthermore, there seems to be a need for an instrument measuring quality of life and participation in a population with diverse disabilities.

[Standardised measuring the health of infants and toddlers in community health services].

Standardised measures are needed in the general child health surveillance. A standardised record with manualised guidelines have been created for use in the existing services of community health nurses, to collect epidemiological data and improve the quality of regional child health surveillance. The record has been used since 2000, and currently one third of the Danish child population is included.

Brief Report: Trends in Social Inequality in Drunkenness Among Danish Adolescents, 1991-2014.

Objective: This study examined whether social inequality in frequent drunkenness among Danish adolescents changed from 1991 to 2014.

Method: We used data from the international Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study, which provided nationally representative samples of 15-year-olds from seven comparable cross-sectional studies in Denmark (N = 8,655). The students provided data about frequency of drunkenness and parents' occupation.

Persistent social inequality in medicine use for headache among adolescents in Denmark 1991-2014.

Background: Socioeconomic variation in adolescents' medicine use behaviour is an understudied issue.

Objectives: To examine the association between socioeconomic background and medicine use for headache among adolescents, and how this association changes over time.

Methods: Data stem from the Danish part of the international Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study 1991-2014 with data about parents' occupational social class (OSC) and self-reported medicine use for headache, n = 26,685.

Persistent social inequality in low intake of vegetables among adolescents, 2002-2014.

Objective: To examine the trend in social inequality in low intake of vegetables among adolescents in Denmark from 2002 to 2014 using occupational social class (OSC) as socio-economic indicator.

Design: Repeated cross-sectional school surveys including four waves of data collection in 2002-2014. The analyses focused on absolute social inequality (difference between high and low OSC in low vegetable intake) as well as relative social inequality (OR for low vegetable intake by OSC).