Delayed cervical emphysema after thyroidectomy: a case report and a literature overview.

Thyroidectomy is a surgery performed due to both benign and malign diseases in the thyroid. The overall complication rate is low, where most of them will appear within the first 24 hours after surgery. However, severe complications can occur as late as 14 days postsurgery.

Above-ankle Reamputation and Mortality following Transmetatarsal Amputation in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Peripheral Artery Disease.

The risk of above-ankle reamputation following a transmetatarsal amputation is around 30%. Patient selection may be crucial to achieve good outcomes, and to avoid futile operations and suffering. We are aware of no previous comparison between the two largest patient groups that undergo lower extremity amputations: patients with diabetes, and patients with non-diabetic peripheral artery disease.

Exploring surgical infection prediction: A comparative study of established risk indexes and a novel model.

Background: Surgical site infections are a major health problem that deteriorates the patients' health and increases health care costs. A reliable method to identify patients with modifiable risk of surgical site infection is necessary to reduce the incidence of them but data are limited. Hence the objective is to assess the predictive validity of a logistic regression model compared to risk indexes to identify patients at risk of surgical site infections.

Contribution of adverse events to death of hospitalised patients.

Background: There is no standardised method to investigate death as a patient safety indicator and we need valid and reliable measurements to use adverse events contributing to death as a quality measure.

Objective: To investigate the contribution of severe adverse events to death in hospitalised patients and clarify methodological differences using the Global Trigger Tool method on all inpatient deaths compared with a sample of general hospitalised patients.

Method: Retrospective records reviewing using the Global Trigger Tool method.

Is a modified Global Trigger Tool method using automatic trigger identification valid when measuring adverse events?

Objectives: To evaluate a modified Global Trigger Tool (GTT) method with manual review of automatic triggered records to measure adverse events.

Design: A cross-sectional study was performed using the original GTT method as gold standard compared to a modified GTT method.

Setting: Medium size hospital trust in Northern Norway.

Is inter-rater reliability of Global Trigger Tool results altered when members of the review team are replaced?

Objective: To evaluate the inter-rater reliability of results from Global Trigger Tool (GTT) reviews when one of the three reviewers remains consistent, while one or two reviewers rotate.

Design: Comparison of results from retrospective record review performed as a cross-sectional study with three review teams each consisting of two non-physicians and one physician; Team I (three consistent reviewers), Team II (one of the two non-physician reviewers or/and the physician from Team I are replaced for different review periods) and Team III (three consistent reviewers different from reviewers in Team I and Team II).

Setting: Medium-sized hospital trust in Northern Norway.

Does increasing the size of bi-weekly samples of records influence results when using the Global Trigger Tool? An observational study of retrospective record reviews of two different sample sizes.

Objectives: To investigate the impact of increasing sample of records reviewed bi-weekly with the Global Trigger Tool method to identify adverse events in hospitalised patients.

Design: Retrospective observational study.

Setting: A Norwegian 524-bed general hospital trust.

Assessing the Power of Exome Chips.

Genotyping chips for rare and low-frequent variants have recently gained popularity with the introduction of exome chips, but the utility of these chips remains unclear. These chips were designed using exome sequencing data from mainly American-European individuals, enriched for a narrow set of common diseases. In addition, it is well-known that the statistical power of detecting associations with rare and low-frequent variants is much lower compared to studies exclusively involving common variants.

Norwegian words: A lexical database for clinicians and researchers.

All words have properties linked to form, meaning and usage patterns which influence how easily they are accessed from the mental lexicon in language production, perception and comprehension. Examples of such properties are imageability, phonological and morphological complexity, word class, argument structure, frequency of use and age of acquisition. Due to linguistic and cultural variation the properties and the values associated with them differ across languages.

Late onset metastases to the thyroid gland from renal carcinoma.

Background: Metastases from renal cell carcinoma to the thyroid gland are uncommon and the clinical course often prolonged. We wished to determine the incidence of such metastases in surgical biopsy records from two Norwegian hospitals.

Material And Method: The archives of the Department of Pathology at Nordland Hospital Bodø (for the period 2002-11) and the Department of Pathology and Medical Genetics at St.

Imageability of Norwegian nouns, verbs and adjectives in a cross-linguistic perspective.

In this article, we present a study of imageability ratings for a set of 1599 Norwegian words (896 nouns, 483 verbs and 220 adjectives) from a web-based survey. To a large extent, the results are in accordance with previous studies of other languages: high imageability scores in general, higher imageability scores for nouns than for verbs, and an inverse relation between frequency and imageability. A more surprising finding is the low imageability of low-frequency verbs.

Sphincter training or anal injections of dextranomer for treatment of anal incontinence: a randomized trial.

Objective: The objective is to test if the injection of a bulking agent in the anal canal is superior to sphincter training with biofeedback in the treatment of anal incontinence.

Background: Anal incontinence is traditionally treated with conservative measures, such as pads and constipating medicine. If this fails, sphincter training with biofeedback is often offered before more advanced surgical procedures are considered.

Translation and validation of the Norwegian version of the fecal incontinence quality-of-life scale.

Background And Aim: Fecal incontinence quality-of-life scale (FIQLS) is a condition-specific health-related quality-of-life questionnaire composed of four scales: lifestyle, coping/behaviour, depression/self-perception and embarrassment. It has been widely translated and used as an evaluation tool for patients with fecal incontinence. Our aim was to translate the FIQLS, and to test some of the psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the questionnaire.

CLOTU: an online pipeline for processing and clustering of 454 amplicon reads into OTUs followed by taxonomic annotation.

Background: The implementation of high throughput sequencing for exploring biodiversity poses high demands on bioinformatics applications for automated data processing. Here we introduce CLOTU, an online and open access pipeline for processing 454 amplicon reads. CLOTU has been constructed to be highly user-friendly and flexible, since different types of analyses are needed for different datasets.

Optimal choice of baseline correction for multivariate calibration of spectra.

Baselines are often chosen by visual inspection of their effect on selected spectra. A more objective procedure for choosing baseline correction algorithms and their parameter values for use in statistical analysis is presented. When the goal of the baseline correction is spectra with a pleasing appearance, visual inspection can be a satisfactory approach.

AIR: A batch-oriented web program package for construction of supermatrices ready for phylogenomic analyses.

Background: Large multigene sequence alignments have over recent years been increasingly employed for phylogenomic reconstruction of the eukaryote tree of life. Such supermatrices of sequence data are preferred over single gene alignments as they contain vastly more information about ancient sequence characteristics, and are thus more suitable for resolving deeply diverging relationships. However, as alignments are expanded, increasingly numbers of sites with misleading phylogenetic information are also added.

Long-term results after anterior sphincteroplasty for anal incontinence.

Objective: To assess the long term incontinence and quality of life (Qol) results after elective anterior sphincteroplasty for anal incontinence.

Materials And Methods: Short and long term follow-up included respectively 28 and 25 of the 29 patients who were operated between 1989 and 1998 in our institution. Qol was assessed with gastro intestinal quality of life index (GIQLI).

[Anal incontinence--assessment of a new treatment].

Background: Anal incontinence affects 1.4 % of the general population. Anal injections is a new treatment option for this condition; different techniques and bulking agents are used.

Low-cost approaches to robust temperature compensation in near-infrared calibration and prediction situations.

The traditional way of handling temperature shifts and other perturbations in calibration situations is to incorporate the non-relevant spectral variation in the calibration set by measuring the samples at various conditions. The present paper proposes two low-cost approaches based on simulation and prior knowledge about the perturbations, and these are compared to traditional methods. The first approach is based on augmentation of the calibration matrix through adding simulated noise on the spectra.