Are online searches for the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) related to media or epidemiology? A cross-sectional study.

Background: Previous studies on the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) have found strong correlations between online searches and the epidemiology of the disease.

Aim: Our aim was to determine if online searches for COVID-19 related to international media announcements or national epidemiology.

Methods: Searches for "coronavirus" were made on Google Trends from December 31, 2019 to April 13, 2020 for 40 European countries.

YouTube as a Source of Patient Information for Hydrocephalus: A Content-Quality and Optimization Analysis.

Objective: YouTube is the second most popular Web site in the world and thus it is often used by patients to access health information regarding their condition(s). Our aim was to evaluate the content-quality of YouTube videos relating to hydrocephalus.

Methods: We chose the first 35 videos for 4 different search phrases: "water on the brain," "hydrocephalus," "pediatric hydrocephalus," and "adult hydrocephalus.

Assessing the special need for protection of vulnerable refugees: testing the applicability of a screening method (RHS-15) to detect traumatic disorders in a refugee sample in Germany.

Although EU member states are obligated to take special account of the situation of particularly vulnerable refugees, appropriate and specific measures to detect affected asylum seekers are not yet available. This study tries to pave the way for the implementation of an adequate instrument which at the same time assesses these needs of suffering people whilst responding to the need for mental health assessments specifically designed for refugees. This was done by testing the implementation of a screening method (Refugee Health Screener RHS-15) for trauma related mental health problems in refugees.

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor to reverse sepsis-associated immunosuppression: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter trial.

Rationale: Sustained sepsis-associated immunosuppression is associated with uncontrolled infection, multiple organ dysfunction, and death.

Objectives: In the first controlled biomarker-guided immunostimulatory trial in sepsis, we tested whether granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) reverses monocyte deactivation, a hallmark of sepsis-associated immunosuppression (primary endpoint), and improves the immunological and clinical course of patients with sepsis.

Methods: In a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial, 38 patients (19/group) with severe sepsis or septic shock and sepsis-associated immunosuppression (monocytic HLA-DR [mHLA-DR] <8,000 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) per cell for 2 d) were treated with GM-CSF (4 microg/kg/d) or placebo for 8 days.

Spatial and seasonal variation in amino compounds in the xylem sap of a mistletoe (Viscum album) and its hosts (Populus spp. and Abies alba).

In a field study, the composition and concentrations of amino compounds in the xylem sap of the mistletoe, Viscum album L., and in the xylem sap of two host species, an evergreen conifer (Abies alba Mill.) and a deciduous broad-leaved tree (Populus x euramericana), were analyzed.

Seasonal and spatial variation of carbohydrates in mistletoes (Viscum album) and the xylem sap of its hosts (Populus x euamericana and Abies alba).

In the present field study we analysed the seasonal pattern of carbohydrate composition and contents in the xylem sap of Viscum album and the xylem sap of a deciduous (Populusxeuramericana) and a coniferous (Abies alba) host tree species. The results were compared with the soluble carbohydrate composition and contents of mistletoe tissues. On both hosts significant amounts of glucose, fructose, and sucrose were found in the xylem sap of Viscum throughout the seasons.

Elevated pCO affects N-metabolism of young poplar plants (Populus tremula × P. alba) differently at deficient and sufficient N-supply.

•  The effects of N-availability and elevated atmospheric CO partial pressure ( pCO ) on growth, allometry and N-metabolism of poplar plants are reported here. •  Poplar plants were grown hydroponically at deficient and sufficient N-supply under ambient and elevated pCO . The N-fluxes within the plants were estimated by comparing the fate of newly acquired N-NO in plants either severely N-limited or with sufficient N-supply.

Elevated pCO(2 )favours nitrate reduction in the roots of wild-type tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Gat.) and significantly alters N-metabolism in transformants lacking functional nitrate reductase in the roots.

The impact of elevated pCO(2 )on N-metabolism of hydroponically grown wild-type and transformed tobacco plants lacking root nitrate reduction was studied in order to elucidate the effects on (i) nitrate uptake, (ii) long-distance transport of N, (iii) nitrate reduction with emphasis on root-NR, and (iv) the allocation of N between the root and shoot. The findings were related to alterations of growth rates. At elevated pCO(2 )the wild type exhibited higher growth rates, which were accompanied by an increase of NO(3)(-)-uptake per plant, due to a higher root:shoot ratio.