Childhood conditions and mental health among youth and young adults in Greenland: a latent class analysis.

Poor mental health among youth in Greenland is a major challenge, childhood conditions are critical for mental health later in life. The study aimed to examine the clustering of childhood conditions by considering risk and protective factors for mental health among youth and young adults in Greenland and to explore the relationship between these clusters and mental health outcomes in youth. The study included 565 participants aged 15-34 living in Greenland.

Lung function measurements in the Greenlandic Inuit population: results from the Greenlandic health survey 2017-2019.

Background: Little is known about lung function in Inuit. The aim of this study was to describe lung function and the prevalence of obstructive and restrictive lung disease among Inuit in Greenland.

Methods: During the 2017-2019 Health Survey, spirometry, with forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV/FVC ratio in liters (L), and percent of predicted value (pred%) were recorded according to Global Lung function Initiative standard reference values (GLI).

Reproducibility and validity of a 45 item food-frequency questionnaire for inuit in Greenland.

Since 1993, dietary assessment has been carried out in Greenland as part of recurrent population health surveys. In preparation for the next survey in 2024, 91 participants from the survey in 2018 were selected for a validation study of the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The 91 participants were reinterviewed 38-50 months after the first FFQ and invited to complete a food diary.

Increasing health inequality among Inuit in Greenland from 1993 to 2018: Different patterns for household assets, urbanization and a sociocultural index as indicators of social position.

Income inequality affects population health and wellbeing negatively. In Greenland, health inequality has been shown to exist among social groups, regionally and according to urbanization, and between Inuit and migrants from Denmark. The purpose of the study was to compare the changes in health inequality from 1993 to 2018 according to three measures of social position, i.

Developing the ACEIG-scale: An adverse childhood experience scale for Inuit youth in Greenland.

Background: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have been identified as a major public health challenge in Greenland. No previous studies have created a multi-item ACE- scale among an Arctic Indigenous population.

Objective: To develop a multi-item ACE-scale among Inuit youth in Greenland (the ACEIG scale).

In Search of Mercury Lost from Sediments in a Previously Contaminated Coastal Area, Harboøre Tange, Denmark.

Concentrations of mercury in sediment and benthic invertebrate fauna of Nissum Broad, North-western Jutland, Denmark were investigated. The western coast of Nissum Broad is Harboøre Tange, along which heavy mercury contamination - caused by discharge from production of mercury containing seed dressers in the 1950 and 1960s - was documented in the 1980s. Recent investigations showed marked decreases in mercury contamination in the near shore sediments along Harboøre Tange since the 1980s and the present investigation was initiated to learn if the loss of mercury from Harboøre Tange had led to an increased mercury contamination in the neighbouring marine area, Nissum Broad.

The effect of traditional diet on glucose homoeostasis in carriers and non-carriers of a common variant in Greenlandic Inuit: a randomised crossover study.

Consumption of traditional foods is decreasing amid a lifestyle transition in Greenland as incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases. In homozygous carriers of a variant, conferring postprandial insulin resistance, the risk of T2D is markedly higher. We investigated the effects of traditional marine diets on glucose homoeostasis and cardio-metabolic health in Greenlandic Inuit carriers and non-carriers of the variant in a randomised crossover study consisting of two 4-week dietary interventions: Traditional (marine-based, low-carbohydrate) and Western (high in imported meats and carbohydrates).

The effect of diabetes and the diabetogenic p.Arg684ter variant on kidney function in Inuit in Greenland.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of diabetes and the diabetogenic TBC1D4 variant on kidney function in Greenland in a population-based setting. Health survey data and TBC1D4 genotypes from 5,336 Greenlanders were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of albuminuria (>30 mg/g creatinine) and chronic kidney disease (CKD, eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73m), comparing individuals with and without diabetes, including the effect of TBC1D4 variant.

Muscular strength, mobility in daily life and mental wellbeing among older adult Inuit in Greenland. The Greenland population health survey 2018.

The purpose was to analyse the association of muscular strength, muscle pain and reduced mobility in daily life with mental wellbeing among older Inuit men and women in Greenland. Data (N = 846) was collected as part of a countrywide cross-sectional health survey in 2018. Hand grip strength and 30-seconds chair stand test were measured according to established protocols.

An missense variant poses high risk of familial hypercholesterolemia in 30% of Greenlanders and offers potential of early cardiovascular disease intervention.

The common Arctic-specific p.G137S variant was recently shown to be associated with elevated lipid levels. Motivated by this, we aimed to investigate the effect of p.

The Greenland population health survey 2018 - methods of a prospective study of risk factors for lifestyle related diseases and social determinants of health amongst Inuit.

Since 1993, regular population health surveys in Greenland have supported and monitored the public health strategy of Greenland and have monitored cardiometabolic and lung diseases. The most recent of these surveys included 2539 persons aged 15+ from 20 communities spread over the whole country. The survey instruments included personal interviews, self-administered questionnaires, blood sampling, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, ECG, oral glucose test, pulmonary function, hand grip strength and chair stand test.

Loss of Sucrase-Isomaltase Function Increases Acetate Levels and Improves Metabolic Health in Greenlandic Cohorts.

Background & Aims: The sucrase-isomaltase (SI) c.273_274delAG loss-of-function variant is common in Arctic populations and causes congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency, which is an inability to break down and absorb sucrose and isomaltose. Children with this condition experience gastrointestinal symptoms when dietary sucrose is introduced.

Background Po activity concentrations in Greenland marine biota and dose assessment.

Polonium-210 (Po) is a radionuclide sentinel as it bioaccumulates in marine organisms, thereby being the main contributor to committed dietary doses in seafood consumers. Although seafood and marine mammals are an important part of the traditional Inuit diet, there is a general lack of information on the Po concentrations in the Greenlandic marine food chain leading to the human consumer. Here, we determine background Po concentrations in edible parts of different marine organisms from Greenland and provide a dose assessment.

Hand grip strength and chair stand test amongst Greenlandic Inuit: reference values and international comparisons.

Muscle strength is an important predictor for function and mortality among older adults. We measured hand grip strength among 1442 participants aged 15+ years and carried out a 30 second chair stand test among 786 participants aged 55+ years. Neither test has been carried out among the Inuit before.

Investigation of the in vivo estrogenicity of the UV-filters 4-methylbenzylidene camphor and octyl methoxy cinnamate in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

The estrogenic activity of the chemical UV-filters, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) and octyl methoxy cinnamate (OMC) was investigated in an in vivo rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) assay. Plasma vitellogenin concentrations were quantified by means of an Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) in juvenile rainbow trout before and after intraperitoneal injection of the test compounds. Injection of 4-MBC on day 0, 3, 6 and 10 in the exposure period caused dose and time dependent increases in the concentration of plasma vitellogenin.

Mercury levels in humpback whales, and other Southern Ocean marine megafauna.

Mercury is a known potent neurotoxin. The biogeochemical cycle of mercury in the remote Antarctic region is still poorly understood, with Polar climate change contributing added complexity. Longitudinal biomonitoring of mercury accumulation in Antarctic marine megafauna can contribute top-down insight into the bio-physical drivers of wildlife exposure.

Concentrations of tetanus and diphtheria antibodies in vaccinated Greenlandic children aged 7-12 years exposed to marine pollutants, a cross sectional study.

Previous studies have shown immunotoxic effects of environmental chemicals, and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recently identified a need for more studies on PFAS immunotoxicity in different populations. In the Arctic, populations are exposed to several environmental chemicals through marine diet, and the objective of this study was therefore to examine the association between Greenlandic children's exposure to major environmental chemicals and their concentrations of diphtheria and tetanus vaccine antibodies after vaccination. The study includes cross-sectional data from Greenlandic children aged 7-12 years examined during 2012-2015.

Effect of size on concentrations and cadmium inducibility of metallothionein in the shore crab Carcinus maenas.

Metallothionein (MT) plays an important role in protecting organisms from the adverse effects of Cd, Hg, Zn and Cu. Investigations on mammals show variations in metallothionein concentrations and inducibility with age. This has never been investigated in invertebrates, and we determined the concentrations and inducibility of metallothionein in gills and midgut gland of different size classes of shore crabs from uncontaminated areas.

Diet and physical activity in Greenland: genetic interactions and associations with obesity and diabetes.

The Inuit in Greenland have gone through dramatic lifestyle changes during the last half century. More time is spent being sedentary and imported foods replaces traditional foods like seal and whale. The population has also experienced a rapid growth in obesity and metabolic disturbances and diabetes is today common despite being almost unknown few decades ago.

Association of food insecurity with dietary patterns and expenditure on food, alcohol and tobacco amongst indigenous Inuit in Greenland: results from a population health survey.

Background: Amongst the indigenous Greenlandic Inuit, the experience of food insecurity has been attributed to a lack of money to buy enough food of sufficient quality to sustain a family, although a preference for alcohol and tobacco over food has also been cited. The purpose of the article was to compare dietary patterns and expenditure on food, alcoholic beverages and tobacco between survey participants who reported food insecurity and those who did not.

Methods: A countrywide cross-sectional health survey was carried out among 1886 adult Greenlandic Inuit in 2018.