DEAF-Net: Detail-Enhanced Attention Feature Fusion Network for Retinal Vessel Segmentation.

Retinal vessel segmentation is crucial for the diagnosis of ophthalmic and cardiovascular diseases. However, retinal vessels are densely and irregularly distributed, with many capillaries blending into the background, and exhibit low contrast. Moreover, the encoder-decoder-based network for retinal vessel segmentation suffers from irreversible loss of detailed features due to multiple encoding and decoding, leading to incorrect segmentation of the vessels.

Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses Unveil the Role of Nitrogen Metabolism in the Formation of Chinese Cabbage Petiole Spot.

Chinese cabbage is the most widely consumed vegetable crop due to its high nutritional value and rock-bottom price. Notably, the presence of the physiological disease petiole spot significantly impacts the appearance quality and marketability of Chinese cabbage. It is well known that excessive nitrogen fertilizer is a crucial factor in the occurrence of petiole spots; however, the mechanism by which excessive nitrogen triggers the formation of petiole spots is not yet clear.

A insertion in alters cuticular wax biosynthesis in Chinese cabbage ( L. ssp. ).

Glossiness is an important quality-related trait of Chinese cabbage, which is a leafy vegetable crop in the family Brassicaceae. The glossy trait is caused by abnormal cuticular wax accumulation. In this study, on the basis of a bulked segregant analysis coupled with next-generation sequencing (BSA-seq) and fine-mapping, the most likely candidate gene responsible for the glossy phenotype of Chinese cabbage was identified.

Identification of DELLA gene family in head cabbage and analysis of mRNA transport in the heterograft.

DELLA gene family is involved in the regulation of signal transduction of plant hormones. mRNAs of (), the member of DELLA gene family, are also signaling molecules of long-distance transport in plants. Genome-wide identification and mRNA transport analysis of the members of DELLA gene family in head cabbage ( var.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of ESPs and NSPs Involved in Glucosinolate Hydrolysis and Insect Attack Defense in Chinese Cabbage ( subsp. ).

Glucosinolates are secondary plant metabolites that are part of the plant's defense system against pathogens and pests and are activated via enzymatic degradation by thioglucoside glucohydrolases (myrosinases). Epithiospecifier proteins (ESPs) and nitrile-specifier proteins (NSPs) divert the myrosinase-catalyzed hydrolysis of a given glucosinolate to form epithionitrile and nitrile rather than isothiocyanate. However, the associated gene families have not been explored in Chinese cabbage.

Channel transformer U-Net: an automatic and effective skeleton extraction network for electronic speckle pattern interferometry.

The fringe skeleton extraction method may be the most straightforward method for electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) phase extraction. Due to ESPI fringe patterns having the characteristics of high noise, low contrast, and different fringe shapes, it is very difficult to extract skeletons from ESPI fringe patterns with high accuracy. To deal with this problem, we propose a skeleton extraction method based on deep learning, called channel transformer U-Net, for directly extracting skeletons from noisy ESPI fringe patterns.

Total Synthesis of Dysifragilones A and B and Dysidavarone C.

The concise synthesis of dysifragilones A and B and dysidavarones has been accomplished for the first time in a divergent way from a common intermediate. The synthetic route features an intramolecular reductive Heck reaction to construct the 6/5/6/6/-tetracycle of dysifragilones A and B and an intramolecular palladium-catalyzed α-arylation of a sterically hindered ketone to forge the tetracyclo[7.7.

Distribution of primary and secondary metabolites among the leaf layers of headed cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata).

The present study investigated the distribution of several primary metabolites (soluble sugar, protein, and mineral) and secondary metabolites (carotenoids, vitamin C, anthocyanin, flavonoids, and total phenolic compounds) among the leaf layers of headed cabbage. The leaf layers of two cultivars were separated and numbered sequentially from the outer to the inner leaves. The fructose and glucose content of the inner leaf layers was significantly greater than that of the outer layers.

Transcriptome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Circular RNAs in Leaves of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) in Response to Calcium Deficiency-Induced Tip-burn.

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a newly discovered non-coding RNA, which play significant roles in the function and transcriptional regulation of microRNA. To date, in Chinese cabbage, the functional characteristic of circRNAs in response to calcium deficiency-induced tip-burn have not been reported. In this study, 730 circRNAs were isolated from Chinese cabbage leaves, of which 23 and 22 were differentially expressed in different calcium deficiency stages compared with the control.

Weighted least-squares phase-unwrapping algorithm based on the orientation coherence for discontinuous optical phase patterns.

Phase unwrapping is one of the key steps of optical interferogram analysis, among which phase discontinuity is still a challenge. In this paper, we propose a new weighted least-squares phase-unwrapping algorithm for discontinuous optical phase patterns. In the proposed algorithm, the orientation coherence is introduced to define the new weighting coefficient, which can accurately show the wrapped phase quality.

Image decomposition model Shearlet-Hilbert-L with better performance for denoising in ESPI fringe patterns.

In this paper, we propose an image decomposition model Shearlet-Hilbert-L with better performance for denoising in electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) fringe patterns. In our model, the low-density fringes, high-density fringes, and noise are, respectively, described by shearlet smoothness spaces, adaptive Hilbert space, and L space and processed individually. Because the shearlet transform has superior directional sensitivity, our proposed Shearlet-Hilbert-L model achieves commendable filtering results for various types of ESPI fringe patterns, including uniform density fringe patterns, moderately variable density fringe patterns, and greatly variable density fringe patterns.

General filtering method for electronic speckle pattern interferometry fringe images with various densities based on variational image decomposition.

Filtering off speckle noise from a fringe image is one of the key tasks in electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI). In general, ESPI fringe images can be divided into three categories: low-density fringe images, high-density fringe images, and variable-density fringe images. In this paper, we first present a general filtering method based on variational image decomposition that can filter speckle noise for ESPI fringe images with various densities.

Single-lens Fourier-transform-based optical color image encryption using dual two-dimensional chaotic maps and the Fresnel transform.

We propose an optical color image encryption system based on the single-lens Fourier transform, the Fresnel transform, and the chaotic random phase masks (CRPMs). The proposed encryption system contains only one optical lens, which makes it more efficient and concise to implement. The introduction of the Fresnel transform makes the first phase mask of the proposed system also act as the main secret key when the input image is a non-negative amplitude-only map.

Gradient vector fields based on variational image decomposition for skeletonization of electronic speckle pattern interferometry fringe patterns with variable density and their applications.

The skeletonization methods based on gradient vector fields (GVFs) have been a powerful tool for electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) fringe patterns. However, the skeletonization of ESPI fringe patterns with variable density has been an open problem in this area. In this paper, we propose a novel method for calculating GVFs based on the variational image decomposition of ESPI fringe patterns with variable density.

Genome-wide identification, classification, and analysis of NADP-ME family members from 12 crucifer species.

NADP-dependent malic enzymes (NADP-MEs) play essential roles in both normal development and stress responses in plants. Here, genome-wide analysis was performed to identify 65 putative NADP-ME genes from 12 crucifer species. These NADP-ME genes were grouped into five categories of syntenic orthologous genes and were divided into three clades of a phylogenic tree.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of aquaporin genes (AQPs) in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis).

Aquaporins (AQPs) are members of a superfamily of integral membrane proteins and play a significant role in the transportation of small molecules across membranes. However, currently little is known about the AQP genes in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis).

Using microfluidic chip to form brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentration gradient for studying neuron axon guidance.

Molecular gradients play a significant role in regulating biological and pathological processes. Although conventional gradient-generators have been used for studying chemotaxis and axon guidance, there are still many limitations, including the inability to maintain stable tempo-spatial gradients and the lack of the cell monitoring in a real-time manner. To overcome these shortcomings, microfluidic devices have been developed.

Comparative analysis of alternative splicing, alternative polyadenylation and the expression of the two KIN genes from cytoplasmic male sterility cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.).

The KIN genes are crucial members of the cold-regulated gene family. They play exclusive roles during the developmental processes of many organs and respond to various abiotic stresses in plants. However, little is known about the regulation of KIN gene expression in cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) cabbages (Brassica oleracea L.