Nanopore RNA direct sequencing identifies that mA modification is essential for sorbitol-controlled resistance to Alternaria alternata in apple.

Sorbitol, a main photosynthate and transport carbohydrate in all tree fruit species in Rosaceae, acts as a signal controlling resistance against Alternaria (A.) alternata in apple by altering the expression of the MdNLR16 resistance gene via the MdWRKY79 transcription factor. However, it is not known if N-methyladenosine (mA) methylation of the mRNAs of these genes participates in the process.

Gut microbiota and its metabolic products in acute respiratory distress syndrome.

The prevalence rate of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is estimated at approximately 10% in critically ill patients worldwide, with the mortality rate ranging from 17% to 39%. Currently, ARDS mortality is usually higher in patients with COVID-19, giving another challenge for ARDS treatment. However, the treatment efficacy for ARDS is far from satisfactory.

CcNFYB3-CcMATE35 and LncRNA CcLTCS-CcCS modules jointly regulate the efflux and synthesis of citrate to enhance aluminium tolerance in pigeon pea.

Aluminium (Al) toxicity decreases crop production in acid soils in general, but many crops have evolved complex mechanisms to resist it. However, our current understanding of how plants cope with Al stress and perform Al resistance is still at the initial stage. In this study, the citrate transporter CcMATE35 was identified to be involved in Al stress response.

Melatonin-mediated CcARP1 alters F-actin dynamics by phosphorylation of CcADF9 to balance root growth and salt tolerance in pigeon pea.

As a multifunctional hormone-like molecule, melatonin exhibits a pleiotropic role in plant salt stress tolerance. While actin cytoskeleton is essential to plant tolerance to salt stress, it is unclear if and how actin cytoskeleton participates in the melatonin-mediated alleviation of plant salt stress. Here, we report that melatonin alleviates salt stress damage in pigeon pea by activating a kinase-like protein, which interacts with an actin-depolymerizing factor.

Molecular mechanism of naringenin regulation on flavonoid biosynthesis to improve the salt tolerance in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (Linn.) Millsp.).

Flavonoids are important secondary metabolites in the plant growth and development process. As a medicinal plant, pigeon pea is rich in secondary metabolites. As a flavonoid, there are few studies on the regulation mechanism of naringenin in plant stress resistance.

Melatonin enhances stress tolerance in pigeon pea by promoting flavonoid enrichment, particularly luteolin in response to salt stress.

Melatonin improves plant resistance to multiple stresses by participating in the biosynthesis of metabolites. Flavonoids are an important family of plant secondary metabolites and are widely recognized to be involved in resistance; however, the crosstalk between melatonin and flavonoid is largely unknown. We found that the resistance of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) to salt, drought, and heat stresses were significantly enhanced by pre-treatment with melatonin.

Sorbitol Reduces Sensitivity to by Promoting Ceramide Kinases () Expression through Transcription Factor in Populus ( Carr.).

Sugar, acting as a signal, can regulate the production of some chemical substance during plant defense responses. However, the molecular basis and regulatory mechanisms of sugar in poplar and other forest trees are still unclear. Sorbitol is a sugar-signaling molecule associated with plant defense.

Transcriptome analysis revealed key genes involved in flavonoid metabolism in response to jasmonic acid in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.).

Flavonoids are important metabolites of pigeon pea in relation to its stress resistance. However, the molecular basis and regulatory mechanisms of flavonoids in pigeon pea remain unclear. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a signaling molecule associated with biosynthesis of flavonoids.

CcCIPK14 Gene Function Analysis to Illuminate the Efficient Root Transgenic System.

An efficient and stable transformation system is fundamental for gene function study and molecular breeding of plants. Here, we describe the use of an Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation system on pigeon pea. The stem is infected with A.

Hyperoside promotes pollen tube growth by regulating the depolymerization effect of actin-depolymerizing factor 1 on microfilaments in okra.

Mature pollen germinates rapidly on the stigma, extending its pollen tube to deliver sperm cells to the ovule for fertilization. The success of this process is an important factor that limits output. The flavonoid content increased significantly during pollen germination and pollen tube growth, which suggests it may play an important role in these processes.

Hyperoside regulates its own biosynthesis via MYB30 in promoting reproductive development and seed set in okra.

Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that play important roles in fruit and vegetable development. Here, we examined the function of hyperoside, a unique flavonoid in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), known to promote both flowering and seed set. We showed that the exogenous application of hyperoside significantly improved pollen germination rate and pollen tube growth by almost 50%, resulting in a 42.

The pigeon pea CcCIPK14-CcCBL1 pair positively modulates drought tolerance by enhancing flavonoid biosynthesis.

Calcineurin B-like (CBL)-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) play a central role in Ca signalling and promote drought tolerance in plants. The CIPK gene family in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.), a major food crop affected by drought, has not previously been characterised.

The functional analysis of ABCG transporters in the adaptation of pigeon pea () to abiotic stresses.

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a class of proteins found in living organisms that mediate transmembrane transport by hydrolyzing ATP. They play a vital role in the physiological processes of growth and development in plants. The most numerous sub-type transporter in the ABC transporter family is the ABCG group and which have the most complex function in a plant's response to abiotic stresses.

Multidimensional analysis of actin depolymerising factor family in pigeon pea under different environmental stress revealed specific response genes in each subgroup.

Actin depolymerising factor (ADF) is an actin binding protein that is ubiquitous in animal and plant cells. It plays an important role in plant growth and development, as well as resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. The research of plant ADF family has been restricted to Arabidopsis thaliana (L.

How to achieve a win-win situation between economic growth and carbon emission reduction: empirical evidence from the perspective of industrial structure upgrading.

Over the past 40 years since China's reform and opening up, the industrial structure has undergone tremendous changes. The rapid development of the economy has been accompanied by a surge in carbon emissions. How to achieve a win-win situation for economic growth and carbon emissions reduction has aroused widespread concern from all sectors of society.

CDPK6 phosphorylates and stabilizes MYB30 to promote hyperoside biosynthesis that prolongs the duration of full-blooming in okra.

The flowers of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) open and wilt within only a few hours, and this is accompanied by accumulation of hyperoside, a secondary metabolite in the flavonoid pathway. However, little is known about the relationship between flavonoids and flowering. Here, we found that exogenous application of hyperoside extended the duration of the full-blooming period by more than 3-fold, and this was accompanied by a 14.

Time Series RNA-seq in Pigeonpea Revealed the Core Genes in Metabolic Pathways under Aluminum Stress.

Pigeonpea is an important economic crop in the world and is mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. In order to further expand the scope of planting, one of the problems that must be solved is the impact of soil acidity on plants in these areas. Based on our previous work, we constructed a time series RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis under aluminum (Al) stress in pigeonpea.

Carbon emissions, the industrial structure and economic growth: Evidence from heterogeneous industries in China.

A comprehensive understanding of the relationships among carbon emissions, the industrial structure and economic growth holds great significance for China's transition to a low-carbon economy, industrial structure optimization, and achievement of energy conservation and emission reduction targets. We selected six major industrial sectors (agriculture, industry, construction, transportation, retail and accommodation and other industries) as research objects, introduced the extended STIRPAT decomposition model, Tapio decoupling model and the grey relation analysis to discuss the relationship among the three. Results showed that (i) since 2000, the proportions of value added of agriculture, manufacturing, and transportation are negatively correlated with carbon emissions, while those of construction, retail and accommodation, and other industries are positively correlated with carbon emissions.

Expression patterns of genes critical for SHH, BMP, and FGF pathways during the lumen formation of human salivary glands.

Sjögren's syndrome or radiotherapy for head and neck cancer leads to the irreversible hypofunction of salivary gland (SG). The stem/progenitor cell-based regenerative strategy has been proven to be the most promising approach to repair the function of SG. The molecular mechanisms that regulate SG morphogenesis, especially during lumen formation, provide valuable hints for establishment of such regenerative strategies.

Development of an efficient root transgenic system for pigeon pea and its application to other important economically plants.

For non-model plants, functional characterization of genes is still hampered by lack of efficient stable transformation procedures. Here, we report a simple, fast and efficient transformation technique with Agrobacterium rhizogenes for generating stable transgenic roots in living plants to facilitate functional studies in vivo. We showed that injection of A.

Microfibrillated cellulose enhancement to mechanical and conductive properties of biocompatible hydrogels.

A combination of conductive polymer with natural biomass is an ideal alternative to the classical conductive materials. In this study, PPy/SA/TOMFC composite hydrogels were fabricated by incorporation of TEMPO-oxidized microfibrillated cellulose (TOMFC) into the alginate-based matrix along with the in situ polymerization of pyrrole monomer. It was found that the mechanical and conductive properties of the composite hydrogels were associated with the concentration of TOMFC, which facilitated the formation of more compact 3D network structures and the growing of PPy conductive network.

Carbon emissions from energy consumption in China: Its measurement and driving factors.

To address climate change effectively, it is essential to quantify CO emissions and the driving factors in high-energy-consuming countries. China is the top CO-emitting country; moreover, there is a lack of comprehensive analytical studies on quantifying the contributions of key drivers to high-energy-consuming countries' CO emissions. Therefore, based on data of China's energy consumption from 2005 to 2016, this paper combines the extended Kaya identity with the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) decomposition method to construct an optimized carbon emission decomposition model.

Research on the ecological efficiency of the Yangtze River Delta region in China from the perspective of sustainable development of the economy-energy-environment (3E) system.

Balancing the relationship between economic development, energy utilization, and environmental protection has become an important task in China's Strip Planning and Construction. This article takes the annual panel data from 2005 to 2015 as the research object firmly grasps the research basis of the Economy-Energy-Environment (3E) System, and focuses on building a new research framework from both internal and external perspectives of the eco-efficiency index to achieve the exploratory research on regional ecological efficiency changes and influencing factors. First of all, it uses super-efficient slacks-based measure (SBM) model which introduces undesired outputs to measure eco-efficiency at different levels.

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Family and Analysis Responses to Various Stresses in Apple ().

In the family, the CBL-interacting protein kinases have shown crucial roles in hormone signaling transduction, and response to abiotic stress in plant developmental processes. The family is characterized by conserved NAF/FISL (Asn-Ala-Phe) and PPI (protein-phosphatase interaction) domains in the C-terminus. However, little data has been reported about the family in apple.

Ecological efficiency in China and its influencing factors-a super-efficient SBM metafrontier-Malmquist-Tobit model study.

Ecological problem is one of the core issues that restrain China's economic development at present, and it is urgently needed to be solved properly and effectively. Based on panel data from 30 regions, this paper uses a super efficiency slack-based measure (SBM) model that introduces the undesirable output to calculate the ecological efficiency, and then uses traditional and metafrontier-Malmquist index method to study regional change trends and technology gap ratios (TGRs). Finally, the Tobit regression and principal component analysis methods are used to analysis the main factors affecting eco-efficiency and impact degree.