Bank erosion under the impacts of fluvial erosion, frost heaving/freeze-thaw process of rivers in seasonal frozen regions.

Bank erosion is a key feature of channel evolution in alluvial rivers, and will occur under the combined effect of hydraulic erosion and frost heave/freeze-thaw process of rivers in seasonal frozen regions. However, most research on bank erosion modeling has seldom considered the impact of the frost heave/freeze-thaw process. Therefore, the variation in the mechanical characteristics of riverbank soil under the freeze-thaw cycle was investigated firstly in the current research and then used in the modeling of bank erosion processes at typical sections of the Songhua River.