The neurobench framework for benchmarking neuromorphic computing algorithms and systems.

Neuromorphic computing shows promise for advancing computing efficiency and capabilities of AI applications using brain-inspired principles. However, the neuromorphic research field currently lacks standardized benchmarks, making it difficult to accurately measure technological advancements, compare performance with conventional methods, and identify promising future research directions. This article presents NeuroBench, a benchmark framework for neuromorphic algorithms and systems, which is collaboratively designed from an open community of researchers across industry and academia.

Histone modification H3K27me3 is essential during chilling-induced flowering in Litchi chinensis.

Litchi (Litchi chinensis), a prominent fruit tree in the Sapindaceae, initiates flowering in response to low autumn and winter temperatures. This study investigates the epigenetic regulation of this process, focusing on the marks histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and its deposition genes during the chilling-induced floral induction (FId) and initiation stages. Our genomic analysis delineated the H3K27me3 deposition landscape across the prefloral induction (PFId), FId, and floral initiation (FIn) stages.

High Muscle Expression of IGF2BP1 Gene Promotes Proliferation and Differentiation of Chicken Primary Myoblasts: Results of Transcriptome Analysis.

Muscle development is a multifaceted process influenced by numerous genes and regulatory networks. Currently, the regulatory network of chicken muscle development remains incompletely elucidated, and its molecular genetic mechanisms require further investigation. The Longsheng-Feng chicken, one of the elite local breeds in Guangxi, serves as an excellent resource for the selection and breeding of high-quality broiler chickens.

A calmodulin-like protein PvCML9 negatively regulates salt tolerance.

Calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) are unique Ca sensors and play crucial roles in response to abiotic stress in plants. A salt-repressed PvCML9 from halophyte seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum O. Swartz) was identified.

Ion-Mediated Recombination Dynamics in Perovskite-Based Memory Light-Emitting Diodes for Neuromorphic Control Systems.

Neuromorphic devices can help perform memory-heavy tasks more efficiently due to the co-localization of memory and computing. In biological systems, fast dynamics are necessary for rapid communication, while slow dynamics aid in the amplification of signals over noise and regulatory processes such as adaptation- such dual dynamics are key for neuromorphic control systems. Halide perovskites exhibit much more complex phenomena than conventional semiconductors due to their coupled ionic, electronic, and optical properties which result in modulatable drift, diffusion of ions, carriers, and radiative recombination dynamics.

Identification of Chilling-Responsive Genes in by Transcriptomic Analysis Underlying Phytohormones and Antioxidant Systems.

Litchi ( Sonn.) is an important subtropical and tropical evergreen fruit tree that is seriously affected by chilling stress. In order to identify genes that may be involved in the response to chilling in litchi, we investigate the physiological and biochemical changes under chilling stress and construct 12 RNA-Seq libraries of leaf samples at 0, 4, 8, and 12 days of chilling.

Is Involved in the Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Senescence of the Rudimentary Leaves in .

Litchi is an important evergreen fruit tree. Floral formation in litchi is induced by low temperatures (LTs). However, unstable flowering is a challenge for litchi production in times of global warming and climate change.

Identification of Chilling Accumulation-Associated Genes for Litchi Flowering by Transcriptome-Based Genome-Wide Association Studies.

Litchi is an important Sapindaceae fruit tree. Flowering in litchi is triggered by low temperatures in autumn and winter. It can be divided into early-, medium-, and late-flowering phenotypes according to the time for floral induction.

Plasma gp96 is a Novel Predictive Biomarker for Severe COVID-19.

Early and effective identification of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may allow us to improve the outcomes of associated severe acute respiratory illness with fever and respiratory symptoms. This study analyzed plasma concentrations of heat shock protein gp96 in nonsevere (including mild and typical) and severe (including severe and critical) patients with COVID-19 to evaluate its potential as a predictive and prognostic biomarker for disease severity. Plasma gp96 levels that were positively correlated with interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were significantly elevated in COVID-19 patients admitted to the hospital but not in non-COVID-19 patients with less severe respiratory impairment.

Genome-Wide Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals a Regulatory Network of Oxidative Stress-Induced Flowering Signals Produced in Litchi Leaves.

Litchi is an important subtropical fruit tree that requires an appropriately low temperature to trigger floral initiation. Our previous studies have shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in litchi flowering. To identify oxidative stress-induced flowering related genes in leaves, 'Nuomici' potted trees were grown at medium low-temperature conditions (18/13 °C for day/night, medium-temperature).

Genome-wide transcriptome analysis reveals the molecular mechanism of high temperature-induced floral abortion in Litchi chinensis.

Background: Warm winter and hot spring attributed to global warming affected floral development and may induce floral abortion, resulted in poor flowering in litchi. To identify genes potentially involved in litchi floral abortion, six RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) libraries of the developing panicles (DPs) under low temperature (LT) conditions and the shrinking panicles (SPs) under high temperature (HT) conditions were constructed.

Results: 3.

Identification of Genes Involved in Low Temperature-Induced Senescence of Panicle Leaf in .

Warm winters and hot springs may promote panicle leaf growing and repress floral development. To identify genes potentially involved in litchi panicle leaf senescence, eight RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) libraries of the senescing panicle leaves under low temperature (LT) conditions and the developing panicle leaves under high temperature (HT) conditions were constructed. For each library, 4.

Genome encode analyses reveal the basis of convergent evolution of fleshy fruit ripening.

Fleshy fruits using ethylene to regulate ripening have developed multiple times in the history of angiosperms, presenting a clear case of convergent evolution whose molecular basis remains largely unknown. Analysis of the fruitENCODE data consisting of 361 transcriptome, 71 accessible chromatin, 147 histone and 45 DNA methylation profiles reveals three types of transcriptional feedback circuits controlling ethylene-dependent fruit ripening. These circuits are evolved from senescence or floral organ identity pathways in the ancestral angiosperms either by neofunctionalisation or repurposing pre-existing genes.

Reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide induce senescence of rudimentary leaves and the expression profiles of the related genes in .

Litchi is one of the most important subtropical evergreen fruit trees in southern Asia. Previous studies indicated that high-temperature conditions encourage growth of rudimentary leaves in panicles and suppress flowering. We have demonstrated that methyl viologen dichloride hydrate (MV) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) promoted flowering in litchi partially by inhibiting the growth of rudimentary leaves via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO).

RNA-seq analysis of apical meristem reveals integrative regulatory network of ROS and chilling potentially related to flowering in Litchi chinensis.

Litchi is an important woody fruit tree. Floral initiation in litchi is triggered by low temperatures. However, defective flowering is a major challenge for litchi production in times of climate change and global warming.

LcMCII-1 is involved in the ROS-dependent senescence of the rudimentary leaves of Litchi chinensis.

LcMCII - 1 is a type II metacaspase. Over-expression of LcMCII- 1 in Arabidopsis promoted ROS-dependent and natural senescence. Virus-induced LcMCII- 1 silencing delayed the ROS-dependent senescence of the rudimentary leaves of Litchi chinensis .

De novo transcriptome assembly for rudimentary leaves in Litchi chinesis Sonn. and identification of differentially expressed genes in response to reactive oxygen species.

Background: Litchi is an evergreen woody tree widely cultivated in subtropical and tropical regions. Defective flowering is a major challenge for litchi production in time of climate change and global warming. Previous studies have shown that high temperature conditions encourage the growth of rudimentary leaves in panicles and suppress litchi flowering, while reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by methyl viologen dichloride hydrate (MV) promote flowering and abortion of rudimentary leaves.

Identification of MV-generated ROS responsive EST clones in floral buds of Litchi chinensis Sonn.

A suppression subtractive hybridization library was constructed using inflorescence primordia of 'Nuomici' litchi to identify EST clones responsive to MV-generated ROS. 93 ESTs could be aligned as unique gene sequences in the inflorescence primordia of litchi. Litchi is an evergreen woody tree widely cultivated in subtropical and tropical regions.

Increased abscisic acid levels in transgenic tobacco over-expressing 9 cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase influence H2O2 and NO production and antioxidant defences.

Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates the plant's adaptive responses to abiotic stresses. Over-expression of the 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase gene (SgNCED1) in the transgenic tobaccos increased ABA content and tolerance to drought and salt stresses. H2O2 and nitric oxide (NO) contents were enhanced in guard cells and mesophyll cells of the transgenic plants, accompanied with increased transcripts and activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR).

Effect of intermediates on ascorbic acid and oxalate biosynthesis of rice and in relation to its stress resistance.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots were fed with L-ascorbic acid (AsA) and its putative precursors to observe AsA and oxalate concentrations and the resistance of rice to chilling, water stress, and Al toxicity. AsA concentration was significantly enhanced in both shoots and roots of rice seedlings by feeding with D-glucose or L-galactono-gamma-lactone.

Nitric oxide is involved in abscisic acid-induced antioxidant activities in Stylosanthes guianensis.

Previous studies suggest that abscisic acid (ABA) stimulates the activities of antioxidant enzymes under normal and chilling temperature and enhanced chilling resistance in Stylosanthes guianensis. The objective of this study was to test whether nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the ABA-induced activities of the antioxidant enzymes in Stylosanthes guianensis due to its nature as a second messenger in stress responses. Plants were treated with NO donors, ABA, ABA in combination with NO scavengers or the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor and their effects on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and NO production were compared.