Controlling lymphatic filariasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis together in South Asia: opportunities and challenges.

Lymphatic filariasis (LF) and the major soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are co-endemic in many countries, particularly in Asia. Control strategies for both groups of infections have increasingly focused on the use of mass chemotherapy. With the use of albendazole, there is now a tool that is common to both.

Mercuric chloride and iodide mediated cyclization of tethered alkynedithioacetals as a general route to five- and six-membered rings: tuning of regioselectivity by alkyne substitution.

[reaction: see text] Mercuric chloride mediated cyclization of tethered alkynedithioacetals has been established as a general route to five- and six-membered carbocycles and heterocycles. Substitution at the alkyne terminus leads to preferential formation of five-membered rings, whereas unsubstituted alkynedithioacetals give six-membered rings as the major products. Mercuric iodide interrupts the reaction at the intermediate dithioacetal stage.

Ewing's sarcoma with cutaneous metastasis--a rare entity: report of three cases.

Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is a small round cell tumor, usually arising from flat bones and diaphyseal region of long bones. It is commonly found in the first two decades of life. It is curable when diagnosed in the localized stage and requires multimodality treatment.

Xerophthalmia: a study among malnourished children of West Mednipur District.

To study the correlation of stages of xerophthalmia in different grades of malnutrition, having 200 children clinically diagnosed having malnutrition as per criteria laid down by the Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) were examined to detect the dinical stages of xerophthalmia as proposed by World Health Organisation (WHO). Out of 200 cases with different grades of malnutrition 81 (40.5%), 78 (39.

Audiological profile in older children and adolescents with unrepaired cleft palate.

Objective: To study the audiological profile in the cleft population comprising older children and adolescents with unrepaired cleft palate and to arrive at a consensus regarding management of otitis media with effusion in this unique group.

Setting: Tertiary care institute in Chandigarh, Punjab, India.

Design: Prospective study based on all patients older than 7 years with unrepaired cleft palate, attending the plastic surgery outpatient department, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, Punjab, India, from January 2001 to December 2002.

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor: extra abdominal and abdominal presentations and the results of treatment.

Background: Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare malignant neoplasm of adolescent males. Current multimodality treatment prolongs life and rarely achieves cure.

Aim: To review the presenting features, histopathology and outcome of 18 patients with DSRCT treated at a single institution.

Mitochondria-to-nucleus stress signaling in mammalian cells: nature of nuclear gene targets, transcription regulation, and induced resistance to apoptosis.

Depletion of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or treatment with mitochondrial poison CCCP initiates mitochondrial stress signaling, which operates through altered Ca2+ homeostasis. In C2C12 rhabdomyoblasts and A549 human lung carcinoma cells mitochondrial stress signaling activates calcineurin and a number of Ca2+ responsive factors including ATF, NFAT, CEBP/delta and CREB. Additionally, PKC and MAP kinase are also activated.

Online model-based diagnosis to support autonomous operation of an advanced life support system.

This article describes methods for online model-based diagnosis of subsystems of the advanced life support system (ALS). The diagnosis methodology is tailored to detect, isolate, and identify faults in components of the system quickly so that fault-adaptive control techniques can be applied to maintain system operation without interruption. We describe the components of our hybrid modeling scheme and the diagnosis methodology, and then demonstrate the effectiveness of this methodology by building a detailed model of the reverse osmosis (RO) system of the water recovery system (WRS) of the ALS.

Malignant melanoma of conjunctiva--a case report.

A 65-year-old male patient presented with a rapidly increasing mass in his left eye. It did not show any intra-ocular extension as examined by slit lamp, gonioscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy and ultrasonography, nor there was any sign of systemic metastasis. The mass was excised completely.

Treatment strategies underpinning the global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis.

Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a disease targeted for elimination. The global strategy is a once-yearly, single-dose, two-drug regimen utilised by communities at risk for LF, with the goal of reaching 80% population coverage yearly, for at least 5 years, in order to interrupt transmission of LF. Where onchocerciasis is co-endemic, the regimen is ivermectin 200 - 400 microg/kg plus albendazole 400mg; elsewhere, the regimen should be diethylcarbamazine 6 mg/kg plus albendazole 400mg.

Online fault adaptive control for efficient resource management in Advanced Life Support Systems.

This article presents the design and implementation of a controller scheme for efficient resource management in Advanced Life Support Systems. In the proposed approach, a switching hybrid system model is used to represent the dynamics of the system components and their interactions. The operational specifications for the controller are represented by utility functions, and the corresponding resource management problem is formulated as a safety control problem.

Expeditious synthesis of enantiopure symmetrical macroheterocycles by ring-closing metathesis of ether and tether-linked 1,2-O-isopropylidenefuranosides.

Bis-olefinic symmetrical carbohydrate derivatives were prepared by joining two 1,2-O-isopropylidenefuranose units either through an ether linkage or by a tether of variable size. The ring-closing metathesis (RCM) of these substrates using Grubbs' first-generation catalyst led to the synthesis of enantiopure symmetrical macroheterocycles containing nine- to twenty-five-membered rings fused to the 1,2-O-isopropylidenefuranose ring.

Metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma.

Gastrointestinal tumors represent less than 5% of all pediatric neoplasms. Within this subgroup carcinomas are rare, especially that of stomach. The authors present this rare entity with an equally rare presentation.

Mechanism of mitochondrial stress-induced resistance to apoptosis in mitochondrial DNA-depleted C2C12 myocytes.

In this study, we show that partial mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion (mitochondrial stress) induces resistance to staurosporine (STP)-mediated apoptosis in C2C12 myoblasts. MtDNA-depleted cells show a 3-4-fold increased proapoptotic proteins (Bax, BAD and Bid), markedly increased antiapoptotic Bcl-2, and reduced processing of p21 Bid to active tBid. The protein levels and also the ability to undergo STP-mediated apoptosis were restored in reverted cells containing near-normal mtDNA levels and restored mitochondrial transmembrane potential.

Retro-peritoneal plasmacytoma: a case report and review of literature.

Solitary Extramedullary Plasmacytoma (EMP) is an uncommon neoplasm. When diagnosed, head and neck region is its most likely location. Rarely, it may occur in the retro-peritoneum.

Amyloidosis complicating rhinophyma.

Rhinophyma is the advanced stage of acne rosacea and a source of embarrassment for the patient. Secondary localized cutaneous amyloidosis complicating rhinophyma is not reported in the literature. A patient with rhinophyma was treated by excision and primary closure.