Atypical presentations of hydatid cyst in children and their management.

Hydatid cyst (HC) is uncommon in children and usually involves a single organ, the lung being the most common site followed by the liver. A series of 18 children who presented with HC at different organs of the body managed at our institute over a period of 5 years is presented here. The clinico-radiological evaluation was done in all patients followed by pharmacotherapy/surgery and was followed up for 2 years.

Spectrum of pediatric kidney tumours with special references to WT1 immunostain at a tertiary care hospital.

Context Or Background: Pediatric renal tumours are the second most common solid tumours in children. The most common in this group is Wilms tumour with mesoblastic nephroma being the 2 most common tumour in children, younger than 3 months.

Aims And Objectives: The present study was conducted to study the epidemiological occurrence of pediatric renal tumours at a tertiary care hospital and to study the diagnostic efficacy of WT1 immunostaining in distinguishing Wilms tumour from other types of renal tumours.

Role of EGFR and HER-2/NEU Expression in Gall Bladder Carcinoma (GBC).

 Gall bladder carcinoma (GBC) is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract. Being known for its geographical and racial variations, and compared with the global statistics, its incidence is higher in the Indian subcontinent, mainly in the northern and eastern regions, accounting for 80 to 95% of cases.  This study was conducted to evaluate the clinic-pathological spectrum and expression of EGFR and HER-2/NEU in GBCs and to understand their relation to prognosis, paving the way for targeted therapies for better treatment outcomes and patient survival.

A study on genetic polymorphism of RET proto-oncogene in Hirschsprung's disease in children.

Background: Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is a genetic disorder with a complex pattern of inheritance. Some single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are identified to be associated with the risk of Hirschsprung's Disease (HSCR).

Aims And Objectives: The aim of this study is to know the association between the rearranged during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene polymorphism and HD and to characterize the SNPs of RET proto-oncogene affecting HD.

Evaluation of diagnostic utility of imprint cytology in paediatric renal tumours with special references to Ki 67 proliferative marker.

Background: Pediatric renal neoplasms comprise about 7%-8% of all neoplasms in children. Wilms tumour (WT) is the most common among pediatric renal tumours.

Aims And Objectives: The study was undertaken to study the epidemiological occurrence of pediatric renal tumours in a tertiary care hospital and to ascertain the validity and reliability of touch smear imprint cytology in intraoperative diagnosis of renal tumours and correlate with subsequent histopathological diagnosis and to assess the expression of proliferation marker Ki-67 in different components and stages of WT.

Delayed primary end-to-end anastomosis for traumatic long segment urethral stricture and its short-term outcomes.

Background:: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the aetiology of posterior urethral stricture in children and analysis of results after delayed primary repair with extensive distal urethral mobilisation.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out in a tertiary care centre from January 2009 to December 2013.

Results:: Eight children with median age 7.

Laparoscopy in the Evaluation of Impalpable Testes and Its Short-term Outcomes: A 7 Years' Experience.

Aims: The aim of this study is to report and analyze results of laparoscopy in impalpable testes performed between 2009 and 2016 and its short-term outcomes.

Materials And Methods: Demographic data, laterality, laparoscopic findings, operative time, procedure, hospital stay, complications, and follow-up data of 76 patients with 79 impalpable testes from 2009 to 2016 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Successful outcome was defined as maintenance of intrascrotal position with no atrophy at a follow-up of at least 6 months.

Spectrum of meningioma with special reference to prognostic utility of ER,PR and Ki67 expression.

Background: Meningiomas are the most common primary central nervous system neoplasms originating from the arachnoid cap cells and constitute between 13% and 26% of all intracranial tumors.

Aims And Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze the age-, sex-, and site-wise distribution of different histological patterns of meningiomas seen in our center and to assess the status of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and proliferation marker Ki-67 in various grades of meningioma.

Materials And Methods: A prospective study was done in 90 cases.

Leydig Cell Tumor of Testis in a Child: An Uncommon Presentation.

Leydig cell tumors (LCTs) are rare testicular tumors. Incidence is 1%-3% of all testicular neoplasms, bilateral in 10%. They are frequently hormonally active, leading to feminizing or virilizing syndromes.

Immunohistochemistry-based comparative study in detection of Hirschsprung's disease in infants in a Tertiary Care Center.

Background: Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is the major cause of pediatric intestinal obstruction with a complex pattern of inheritance. The absence of ganglion cells along with an analysis of hypertrophy and hyperplasia of nerves in the nerve plexus of submucosa and muscularis mucosae is regarded as a potential hallmark for its diagnosis.

Aims And Objectives: This study was undertaken to ascertain the (1) clinical profile, (2) mode of presentation, and (3) to compare the role of calretinin immunostaining with acetylcholinesterase in the diagnosis of HD.

Intragastric pressure: Useful indicator in the management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Aims: To assess the role of measuring of intragastric pressure (IGP) during closure of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-two cases were included in the study (August 2008 to February 2014), and IGP has been measured intraoperatively during closure.

Result: Patients were categorized in group A (15 patients), group B (14 patients) and group C (3 patients).

Uncommon renal tumors in children: A single center experience.

Aims: Scrutiny over the clinical behaviors, management, and the final outcome of some rare renal neoplasm in order to find out some hidden facts about these tumors which are playing an important role in the disease course and its management.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective evaluation of uncommon (non-Wilms') renal neoplasm in the pediatric population in a tertiary care center. Fifteen cases of uncommon renal tumors were treated in our institution over the last 5 years (January 2008 to December 2012).

Patent Urachus in a Neonate: a Rarity.

Here, we present a pictorial description of a rare case of patent urachus in a neonate and its management.

Hirschsprung's Disease in Neonates with Special Reference to Calretinin Immunohistochemistry.

Background: Hirschsprung's disease is a classic example of a complex genetic disease, characterized by the lack of enteric ganglia in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses, along variable portions of the distal gut. The diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease is based on a combination of clinical features, radiological appearance of the bowel and histological features in Haematoxylin & Eosin stained sections of intestinal biopsies. Calretinin Immunohistochemistry is emerging to be one of the newer methods.

Colonic atresia associated with annular pancreas: An extremely rare and previously unreported association.

Colonic atresia is the rarest entity among the all intestinal atresias and may be associated with anterior abdominal wall defect, small intestinal atresia, Hirschsprung's disease, and other anomalies. Here, we are reporting a case of colonic atresia associated with annular pancreas, which has not been reported previously to the best of our knowledge.

Congenital cystic lesions of lung in the paediatric population: A 5-year single institutional study with review of literature.

Background: The aim was to evaluate the clinical presentation, investigation modalities, operative management, pathology, outcome (morbidity and mortality) and short term follow-up of congenital cystic lesions of the lung.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective study. Study period was 5 years (December 2008-November 2013) in the Department of paediatric surgery, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College.

Double obstruction of ureter: A diagnostic challenge.

Introduction: Isolated obstruction of the ureteropelvic junction and the vesico-ureteric junction are the two most common causes of hydronephrosis in a pediatric population.[1] They do not pose diagnostic difficulties when are present alone but when together can be difficult to diagnose. Here, we discuss the problems we faced when we encountered these two anomalies in the same ureter and the way in which we managed them.

Esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula associated with situs inversus totalis.

Esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula with situs inversus totalis is an extremely rare association. We are presenting a case of a preterm neonate suffering from similar condition. Fistula ligation with primary repair was done via left thoracotomy to avoid technical difficulties.

Impact of image guided fine needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis of pediatric hepatic mass and cytohistologic concordance.

Background: Pediatric hepatic mass is a heterogeneous group of benign and malignant lesions. Percutaneous fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) can be utilized as a diagnostic modality to assess the nature of radiologically demonstrated hepatic lesions and thus facilitate individualized treatment.

Aims And Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of percutaneous FNAC of pediatric liver masses, a procedure that is less invasive than open biopsy.

Gastric volvulus with partial and complete gastric necrosis.

Here, we report two interesting cases of gastric necrosis in acute gastric volvulus due to eventration of the diaphragm. Both the cases presented with a significant challenge and were managed successfully. The management of the cases is presented and relevant literature is discussed.

Hydatid cyst within a choledochal cyst.

A 5 year 4 months old male child presenting with pain abdomen and jaundice was diagnosed to have type 1 choledochal cyst on ultrasonography and magnetic resonance cholangio pancreatography. On exploration, the cystic dilatation of common bile duct was found to have a hydatid cyst (HC) inside it. The per-operative findings were confirmed by histopathology.

Mediastinal ganglioneuroma: An incidentaloma of childhood.

Ganglioneuroma is a rare benign neurogenic tumor which represents the final maturation stage of neuroblast tumors. Here, we are discussing an interesting case of incidentally detected posterior mediastinal ganglioneuroma which should be kept in mind when dealing with any child with respiratory distress.