Inducing piezoelectric behavior in a copper iodide cubane cluster-based metal-organic framework linker engineering.

CuI cubane-type secondary building units are reticulated with a piperazine linker at room temperature to crystallize the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) CuI(Pip) in a non-centrosymmetric 622 space group. For the first time, cubane cluster type MOF's strong piezoelectric nature has been studied by switching spectroscopy piezo force microscopy (SS-PFM) and piezo force microscopy (PFM) mapping of the crystal, with piezoelectric constant () ∼52.33 pm V, highlighting its potential for mechanical energy harvesting processes.

Potential of Nanoparticle Based Antimicrobial Drug Repurposing to Efficiently Target Alzheimer's: A Concise Update on Evidence-based Research and Challenges Ahead.

Repurposing of drugs through nanocarriers (NCs) based platforms has been a recent trend in drug delivery research. Various routine drugs are now being repurposed to treat challenging neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer disease (AD). AD, at present is one of the challenging neurodegenerative disorders characterized by extracellular accumulation of amyloid-β and intracellular accumulations of neurofibrillary tangles.

Gymnema saponin-induced lipid flip-flop identifies rigid membrane phenotype of methicillin resistant S. aureus and enhances it's antibiotic susceptibility.

Our previous study revealed that lipid flip-flop inducing phytochemicals from Gymnema sylvestre increase membrane permeability of antimicrobials in S. aureus. However, their lipid flipping and membrane permeabilizing effect on methicillin resistant S.

Transcriptionally downregulated GABAergic genes associated with synaptic density network dysfunction in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Purpose: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a brain network disorder closely associated with synaptic loss and has a genetic basis. However, the in vivo whole-brain synaptic changes at the network-level and the underlying gene expression patterns in patients with TLE remain unclear.

Methods: In this study, we utilized a positron emission tomography with the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 A radioligand [F]SynVesT-1 cohort and two independent transcriptome datasets to investigate the topological properties of the synaptic density similarity network (SDSN) in TLE and its correlation with significantly dysregulated risk genes.

Multifractal dynamic changes of spontaneous brain activity in psychiatric disorders: Adult attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.

It is one of the strategies to study the complexity of spontaneous fluctuation of brain neurons based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), but the multifractal characteristics of spontaneous fluctuation of brain neurons in psychiatric diseases need to be studied. Therefore, this paper will study the multifractal spontaneous brain activity changes in psychiatric disorders using the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis algorithm based on the UCLA datasets. Specifically: (1) multifractal characteristics in adult attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder (BP), and schizophrenia (SCHZ); (2) the source of those multifractal characteristics.

Putative epicenters identified by transcriptome-neuromorphic interactions in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder biotypes.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogenous behavioral disorder with inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms, indicating the important implication of identifying biotypes and its epicenters in understanding disease's pathogenesis. The study investigated the neuromorphic heterogeneity relating to transcriptional similarity architecture in ADHD, and further analyzed the epicenters of network-spreading in each ADHD biotype and their correlations with clinical characteristics. Individuals with ADHD could be identified into two discriminative biotypes that exhibited distinct neuromorphic aberrances.

Topological functional network analysis of cortical blood flow in hyperacute ischemic rats.

Acute cerebral ischemia alters brain network connectivity, leading to notable increases in both anatomical and functional connectivity while observing a reduction in metabolic connectivity. However, alterations of the cerebral blood flow (CBF) based functional connectivity remain unclear. We collected continuous CBF images using laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) technology to monitor ischemic occlusion-reperfusion progression through occlusion of the left carotid artery.

Comparing Intra- and Inter-individual Correlational Brain Connectivity from Functional and Structural Neuroimaging Data.

Inferring brain connectivity from inter-individual correlations has been applied to various neuroimaging modalities, such as glucose metabolic activity measured by positron emission tomography (PET) and brain structures assessed using MRI. The variability that drives these inter-individual correlations is generally attributed to individual differences, potentially influenced by factors like genetics, life experiences, and biological sex. However, it remains unclear whether long-term within-individual effects, such as aging, and state-like effects also contribute to the correlated structures, and how intra-individual correlations are compared to inter-individual correlations.

A superoleophilic free-standing three-dimensional covalent organic framework membrane for water-oil flush demulsification.

A superoleophilic free-standing three-dimensional covalent organic framework membrane (TAM-DNDC 3D-COFM) with hydroxyl functionalized naphthalene is fabricated interfacially. The enhanced oil-wettability and anti-fouling properties of the 3D-COFM exhibited gravity-based efficient demulsification flux at a four-order magnitude compared to the phenyl cored-congener. The continuous demulsification efficiency (76 400 L m) will inspire large-scale applications.

Transdiagnostic and Diagnosis-Specific Morphological Similarity Related Transcriptional Profile in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are both highly heritable developmental psychiatric disorders and exhibit a high degree of comorbidity. Our objective is to enhance understanding of the transdiagnostic and diagnosis-specific structural alterations and related cellular and genetic pathophysiological mechanisms between ADHD and ASD.

Method: We used structural magnetic resonance imaging data of 247 subjects from the publicly available 1000 Functional Connectomes Project, including 91 individuals with ADHD, 49 individuals with ASD, and 107 age- and sex-matched controls.

Lipid nanocarrier-based bigel of oil for analgesic and anti-inflammatory applications.

Present study reports analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of (L.) leaf oil loaded lipid nanocarrier (BLNs)-embedded bigel. BLNs were developed by solvent evaporation technique and were characterised by FESEM, Cryo-TEM, mean diameter, zeta potential, loading efficiency, etc.

Explorations of using a convolutional neural network to understand brain activations during movie watching.

Background: Naturalistic stimuli, such as videos, can elicit complex brain activations. However, the intricate nature of these stimuli makes it challenging to attribute specific brain functions to the resulting activations, particularly for higher-level processes such as social interactions.

Objective: We hypothesized that activations in different layers of a convolutional neural network (VGG-16) would correspond to varying levels of brain activation, reflecting the brain's visual processing hierarchy.

Altered default-mode and frontal-parietal network pattern underlie adaptiveness of emotion regulation flexibility following task-switch training.

Emotion regulation flexibility (ERF) refers to one's ability to respond flexibly in complex environments. Adaptiveness of ERF has been associated with cognitive flexibility, which can be improved by task-switching training. However, the impact of task-switching training on ERF and its underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear.

MQGA: A quantitative analysis of brain network hubs using multi-graph theoretical indices.

Recent advancements in large-scale network studies have shown that connector hubs and provincial hubs are vital for coordinating complex cognitive tasks by facilitating information transfer between and within specialized modules. However, current methods for identifying these hubs often lack standardized measurement criteria, hindering quantitative analysis. This study proposes a novel computational method utilizing multi-graph theoretical index calculations to quantitatively analyze hub attributes in brain networks.

Shikonin Stimulates Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis by Enhancing Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Production and DNA Damage in Oral Cancer Cells.

Phytotherapy has rendered a new insight towards the treatment of various cancers, including oral cancer with fewer side effects, over the traditional chemotherapeutic drugs to overcome chemoresistance. Shikonin (Shk) is a natural biologically active alkaloid found in the Lithospermum erythrorhizon plant's root. It has potent cytotoxic activities against various cancers.

An Exploratory Evaluation of Implementing a Rapid-response Online Mental Health Service During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Methods Study from India.

Objectives: Strict social distancing and lockdown measures imposed to curb transmission during the early phase of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic posed challenges to people's psychological wellbeing, limited access to social support, and disrupted routine mental health service delivery. In response, a consortium of mental health stakeholders from Goa, India launched the COVIDAV program, which provided pro-bono virtual psychiatric and counselling consultations across India through an online platform. This study describes the acceptability and feasibility of the program from the perspective of various stakeholders.

Interventions for improving adherence to psychological treatments for common mental disorders: a systematic review.

Our systematic review aims to synthesise the evidence on interventions targeting improvement in patient adherence to psychological treatments for common mental disorders. A search was conducted on six electronic databases using search terms under the following concepts: common mental disorders, adherence, psychological treatments and controlled trial study design. Due to the heterogeneity in intervention content and outcomes evaluated in the included studies, a narrative synthesis was conducted.

FeO Nanoflakes - WS Nanosheets Heterojunctions for Multi-Fold Enhancement in Photoelectrochemical Solar Energy Conversion.

FeO-based photoanodes show great potential in photoelectrochemical water splitting due to their excellent stability, moderate band gap, and abundance. However, a short hole diffusion length limits its photocurrent density. Here, a multi-fold enhancement in photocurrent density from FeO nanoflakes - WS nanosheets heterojunction is reported.

Explanatory models of illicit drug use in adolescents: A qualitative study from India.

Illicit drug use is a growing concern in India, with a high treatment gap of 73%. Explanatory models can provide valuable insights into the patient's conception of disease and inform help-seeking, treatment, and recovery. Of the studies that examine adolescent drug misuse in India, none have developed a socio-cultural explanatory model.

Assessment of Hyperacute Cerebral Ischemia Using Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging.

Accurate diagnosis of cerebral ischemia severity is crucial for clinical decision making. Laser speckle contrast imaging-based cerebral blood flow imaging can help assess the severity of cerebral ischemia by monitoring changes in blood flow. In this study, we simulated hyperacute ischemia in rats, isolating arterial and venous flow-related signals from cortical vasculature.

The phytochemical plumbagin: mechanism behind its "pleiotropic" nature and potential as an anticancer treatment.

Chemotherapeutics are most often used to treat cancer, but side effects, drug resistance, and toxicity often compromise their effectiveness. In contrast, phytocompound plumbagin possesses a distinct pleiotropic nature, targeting multiple signaling pathways, such as ROS generation, cell death, cellular proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance, and is shown to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs. Plumbagin has been shown to act synergistically with various chemotherapeutic drugs and enhance their efficacy in drug-resistant cancers.

Compressed cerebro-cerebellar functional gradients in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Both cortical and cerebellar developmental differences have been implicated in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Recently accumulating neuroimaging studies have highlighted hierarchies as a fundamental principle of brain organization, suggesting the importance of assessing hierarchy abnormalities in ADHD. A novel gradient-based resting-state functional connectivity analysis was applied to investigate the cerebro-cerebellar disturbed hierarchy in children and adolescents with ADHD.