Current Insights into Therapeutic Potential of Terpenoids as Anticancer Agents.

Background: Cancer is regarded as one of the main causes of death globally. Future predictions indicate that the death rate from cancer will keep rising, which may reach 11.4 million in 2030.

Applications of Nanotechnology-mediated Herbal Nanosystems for Ophthalmic Drug.

In recent years, herbal nanomedicines have gained tremendous popularity for novel drug discovery. Nanotechnology has provided several advances in the healthcare sector, emerging several novel nanocarriers that potentiate the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of the herbal drug. The recent advances in nanotechnology with accelerated strategies of ophthalmic nanosystems have paved a new path for overcoming the limitations associated with ocular drug delivery systems, such as low bioavailability, poor absorption, stability, and precorneal drug loss.

NOX-2 Inhibitors may be Potential Drug Candidates for the Management of COVID-19 Complications.

COVID-19 is an RNA virus that attacks the targeting organs, which express angiotensin- converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), such as the lungs, heart, renal system, and gastrointestinal tract. The virus that enters the cell by endocytosis triggers ROS production within the confines of endosomes via a NOX-2 containing NADPH-oxidase. Various isoforms of NADPH oxidase are expressed in airways and alveolar epithelial cells, endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, and inflammatory cells, such as alveolar macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and Tlymphocytes.

Development And Validation Of Rp-Hplc Method For The Estimation Of Tenofovir And Emtricitabine In Bulk And Pharmaceutical Dosage Form.

Background: A novel, simple, efficient, rapid, and precise reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed for the estimation of Tenofovir and Emtricitabine in the bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. The currently developed method was subsequently validated according to ICH guidelines in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, the limit of detection, the limit of quantification, robustness, etc. Methods: The separation of the selected drugs was optimized after several trials including change of mobile phase and its composition, stationary phase, flow rate, column temperature, etc.

Biological Effects and Mechanisms of Taurine in Various Therapeutics.

More than two hundred years ago, taurine was first isolated from materials derived from animals. It is abundantly found in a wide range of mammalian and non-mammalian tissues and diverse environments. Taurine was discovered to be a by-product of the metabolism of sulfur only a little over a century and a half ago.

Mechanistic Role of Tempol: Synthesis, Catalysed Reactions and Therapeutic Potential.

Tempol (TP) was introduced in 1960 by Lebedev and Kazarnovskii and is an excellent catalyst extensively used in the synthesis and oxidation of various reagents. 4-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TP) has also been explored against various disorders like inflammation, superoxide anion-influenced molecular linked behavioural modifications, radical capturing, cardioprotective, protective ocular damage, against skin burns, fibrocystic diseases, breast cancer prevention, respiratory infections, alopecia, and cerebral malaria, etc. This review article comprises five major aspects of TP namely (a) Approx.

Therapeutic implications of current Janus kinase inhibitors as anti-COVID agents: A review.

Severe cases of COVID-19 are characterized by hyperinflammation induced by cytokine storm, ARDS leading to multiorgan failure and death. JAK-STAT signaling has been implicated in immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 infection under different stages such as viral entry, escaping innate immunity, replication, and subsequent inflammatory processes. Prompted by this fact and prior utilization as an immunomodulatory agent for several autoimmune, allergic, and inflammatory conditions, Jakinibs have been recognized as validated small molecules targeting the rapid release of proinflammatory cytokines, primarily IL-6, and GM-CSF.

Green Chemistry Approach for the Synthesis of Isoxazole Derivatives and Evaluation of their Anti-epileptic Activity.

Background: Green strategy involves the design, synthesis, processing, and use of chemical substances by eliminating the generation of chemical hazards. This approach focuses on atom economy, use of safer solvents or chemicals, consumption of energy, and decomposition of the chemical substances to non-toxic materials which are eco-friendly.

Objective: So, the microwave irradiated heating method is considered a green and sustainable technique for the development of novel heterocyclic scaffold-like isoxazole derivatives via chalcones.

Carbapenem Antibiotics: Recent Update on Synthesis and Pharmacological Activities.

Right from the breakthrough of carbapenems since 1976, many schemes on synthesis, structure-activity relationship (SAR), and biological activities have been carried out, and several carbapenems have been developed, including parentally active carbapenems like imipenem, doripenem, biapenem, meropenem, ertapenem, panipenem, razupenem, tomopenem, and cilastatin, whereas orally active carbapenems like GV-118819, GV-104326, CS-834, L-084, DZ-2640, CL 191, 121, L-646, 591, S-4661, ER-35768, MK-826. Prodrugs of carbapenem with increased bioavailability include temopenem, tebipenem, sanfetrinem, LK-157, and CP 5484. Merck, Glaxo Welcome Research Group, Johnson & Johnson, Sankyo Group and Dai-ichi Group, and Wyeth-Ayerst Group were among the businesses that produced carbapenems.

Microwave Induced Green Synthesis: Sustainable Technology for Efficient Development of Bioactive Pyrimidine Scaffolds.

Microwave radiation is used as a heating source during the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. The heating mechanisms involved in microwave-induced synthesis include dipolar polarization and ionic conduction. This heating technology follows the green protocol as it involves the use of recyclable organic solvents during synthesis.

Novel Herbal Nanocarriers for Treatment of Dermatological Disorders.

Background And Objective: In the present scenario, the use of novel nanocarriers to provide a better therapy regimen is noteworthy. Nanotechnology with the advanced system enables the herbs for encapsulation within the smart carrier and boosts the nanotherapeutic. These emerging innovations of herbal nanocarriers have paved the way for dermal targeting by eliciting the desired response for particular diseases.

Therapeutic Potential of Semaglutide, a Newer GLP-1 Receptor Agonist, in Abating Obesity, Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Neurodegenerative diseases: A Narrative Review.

Introduction: Semaglutide, a peptidic GLP-1 receptor agonist, has been clinically approved for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and is available in subcutaneous and oral dosage form. Diabetes, insulin resistance, and obesity are responsible for the pathological manifestations of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Similarly, insulin resistance in brain is also responsible for neurodegeneration and impaired cognitive functions.

Computational Approach to Combat COVID-19 Infection: Emerging Tools for Accelerating Drug Research.

Background: The process of drug discovery and development is expensive, complex, timeconsuming, and risky. There are different techniques involved in the process of drug development, including random screening, computational approaches, molecular manipulation, and serendipitous research. Among these methods, the computational approach is considered an efficient strategy to accelerate and economize the drug discovery process.

Semaglutide, a glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist with cardiovascular benefits for management of type 2 diabetes.

Semaglutide, a glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, is available as monotherapy in both subcutaneous as well as oral dosage form (first approved oral GLP-1 receptor agonist). It has been approved as a second line treatment option for better glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes and currently under scrutiny for anti-obesity purpose. Semaglutide has been proved to be safe in adults and elderly patients with renal or hepatic disorders demanding no dose modification.

Current trends in diagnosis and treatment strategies of COVID-19 infection.

Coronaviruses are terrifically precise and adapted towards specialized respiratory epithelial cells, observed in organ culture and human volunteers both. This virus is found to possess an unpredictable anti-viral T-cell response which in turn results in T-cell activation and finally apoptosis, leading to cytokine storm and collapse of the whole immune system. The present review provides comprehensive information regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection, mutant strains, and the impact of SARS-COV-2 on vital organs, the pathophysiology of the disease, diagnostic tests available, and possible treatments.

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS): Key Components in Cancer Therapies.

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) refers to the highly reactive substances which contain oxygen radicals. Hypochlorous acid, peroxides, superoxide, singlet oxygen, alpha-oxygen, and hydroxyl radicals are the major examples of ROS. Generally, the reduction of oxygen (O2) in molecular form produces superoxide (•O2 -) anion.

Drug Repurposing Strategy (DRS): Emerging Approach to Identify Potential Therapeutics for Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Infection.

Drug repurposing is also termed as drug repositioning or therapeutic switching. This method is applied to identify the novel therapeutic agents from the existing FDA approved clinically used drug molecules. It is considered as an efficient approach to develop drug candidates with new pharmacological activities or therapeutic properties.

Green Synthetic Approach: An Efficient Eco-Friendly Tool for Synthesis of Biologically Active Oxadiazole Derivatives.

Green synthetic protocol refers to the development of processes for the sustainable production of chemicals and materials. For the synthesis of various biologically active compounds, energy-efficient and environmentally benign processes are applied, such as microwave irradiation technology, ultrasound-mediated synthesis, photo-catalysis (ultraviolet, visible and infrared irradiation), molecular sieving, grinding and milling techniques, etc. Thesemethods are considered sustainable technology and become valuable green protocol to synthesize new drug molecules as theyprovidenumerous benefits over conventional synthetic methods.

Anti-convulsant Action and Attenuation of Oxidative Stress by Citrus limon Peel Extracts in PTZ and MES Induced Convulsion in Albino Rats.

Background: Citrus limon a small evergreen plant belongs to the family Rutaceae. These species are extensively cultivated throughout the world because of their multiple health benefits for humans and their applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Various studies were conducted using their plant parts (fruits, flowers, peels, leaves, blossoms) but the studies on peel extracts are very limited.

Microwave-Induced Ugi-Four Component Reactions: Synthesis of New Hetero- Steroid-Amino Acid Conjugates.

Background: Aza-steroids are an important class of compounds because of their numerous biological activities. The hetero steroids have different hydrogen bonding ability and hydrophobicity in comparison to steroids.

Materials And Methods: Microwave-induced synthesis of a novel type of hybrid hetero-steroid amine conjugates, following Ugi-four component reactions of steroidal amines with alanine and valine methyl esters as amino acid residues is described.

Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): Structures, Synthesis and their Biological Profile.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are aromatic compounds with two or more fused benzene rings in their structural configurations. PAHs do not contain heteroatoms and substituents on the ring system. PAHs containing up to four rings are called light PAHs while those that contain more than four rings are considered as heavy PAHs.

An Overview on Steroids and Microwave Energy in Multi-Component Reactions towards the Synthesis of Novel Hybrid Molecules.

In recent years, hybrid systems are gaining considerable attention owing to their various biological applications in drug development. Generally, hybrid molecules are constructed from different molecular entities to generate a new functional molecule with improved biological activities. There already exist a large number of naturally occurring hybrid molecules based on both non-steroid and steroid frameworks synthesized by nature through mixed biosynthetic pathways such as, a) integration of the different biosynthetic pathways or b) Carbon- Carbon bond formation between different components derived through different biosynthetic pathways.

Molecular docking study, green synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives as potential antiepileptic agents.

Epilepsy is one of the commonly occurring chronic neurological disorders which involves abnormal electrical impulses in the brain. It is characterized by the sudden loss of consciousness, followed by abnormal shaking of the body. Though there are various types of antiepileptic drugs available clinically, the treatment of epilepsy still remains inadequate because of their toxicity and idiosyncratic side effects.