Pregnancy Outcomes and All-Cause Mortality After Pregnancy Among US-Born Women With Perinatally Acquired HIV.

Background: Maternal and pregnancy outcomes among women with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) versus women with HIV acquired through other routes (NPHIV) are not fully understood.

Setting: US-born women during 2005-2015 in New York City.

Methods: We used data from the New York City HIV surveillance registry, Expanded Perinatal Surveillance database, and Vital Statistics, to compare pregnancy and all-cause mortality outcomes among women with PHIV versus NPHIV delivering infants during 2005-2015.

Immediate initiation of antiretroviral treatment: knowledge, attitudes, and practices among clinic staff in New York City.

Background: Immediate initiation of antiretroviral treatment (iART) is a proven intervention that significantly decreases time to viral suppression and increases patient retention. iART involves starting medication as early as possible, often after a reactive rapid HIV test or re-engagement in care, although it does not have a universal definition. We aimed to understand iART from an implementation science perspective in a wide range of New York City (NYC) clinics providing HIV primary care, including staff knowledge, attitudes, and practices, as well as clinic barriers and facilitators to iART.

Public Health Detailing to Promote HIV Pre- and Postexposure Prophylaxis Among Women's Healthcare Providers in New York City.

Introduction: Equitable access to HIV pre- and postexposure prophylaxis for women is essential to ending the HIV epidemic. Providers' lack of knowledge and comfort in discussing and prescribing pre-exposure prophylaxis to women persist as barriers.

Methods: From May to November 2019, the New York City Health Department conducted its first public health detailing campaigns among women's healthcare providers to promote pre- and postexposure prophylaxis and the associated best practices.

Association between HIV clinic caseloads and viral load suppression in New York City.

The relationship between HIV patient caseload and a clinic's ability to achieve viral load suppression (VLS) in their HIV patient population is not understood. The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (NYCDOHMH) administered a survey to clinics providing HIV care to people living with HIV (PLWH) in NYC in 2016. Clinics were stratified by quartiles of HIV patient caseload and dichotomized by whether ≥85% (= 36) or <85% (= 74) of their patients achieved VLS.

Cost-effectiveness of HIV care coordination scale-up among persons at high risk for sub-optimal HIV care outcomes.

Background: A study of a comprehensive HIV Care Coordination Program (CCP) showed effectiveness in increasing viral load suppression (VLS) among PLWH in New York City (NYC). We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of a scale-up of the CCP in NYC.

Methods: We incorporated observed effects and costs of the CCP into a computer simulation of HIV in NYC, comparing strategy scale-up with no implementation.

Short-term effectiveness of HIV care coordination among persons with recent HIV diagnosis or history of poor HIV outcomes.

The New York City HIV Care Coordination Program (CCP) combines multiple evidence-based strategies to support persons living with HIV (PLWH) at risk for, or with a recent history of, poor HIV outcomes. We assessed the comparative effectiveness of the CCP by merging programmatic data on CCP clients with population-based surveillance data on all New York City PLWH. A non-CCP comparison group of similar PLWH who met CCP eligibility criteria was identified using surveillance data.

Transition from paediatric to adult care among persons with perinatal HIV infection in New York City, 2006-2015.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the transition process from paediatric to adult care among persons with perinatal HIV infection in New York City (NYC).

Design: A retrospective prepost study and a matched exposed/unexposed nested cohort study.

Methods: Using data from the NYC HIV registry, a retrospective prepost study was performed among persons who transitioned from paediatric to adult care to assess pre and posttransition retention in care (≥1 CD4 cell count/viral load in a 12-month period), CD4 cell count and viral suppression (≤200 copies/ml).

Osteomyelitis and Bacteremia: Review of an Emerging Human Pathogen with an Expanding Spectrum of Disease.

Background: is an uncommon pathogen that may be misdiagnosed as viridans group streptococci. We review the literature of and report 2 clinical cases in which catalase-negative Gram-positive cocci resembling viridans group streptococci with elevated minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to ceftriaxone were inconsistently identified phenotypically, with further molecular characterization and ultimate identification of .

Methods: Two clinical strains (from 2 obese women; 1 with a prosthetic hip infection and the other with bacteremia) were analyzed with standard identification methods, followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, 16S recombinant ribonucleic acid (rRNA), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Increase in CD4+ T-Cell Count at the Time of HIV Diagnosis and Antiretroviral Treatment Initiation Among Persons With HIV in New York City.

Background:  Trends in CD4 T-cell count at human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation can be characterized using laboratory tests from surveillance.

Methods:  We used CD4 T-cell counts and viral loads from New York City for persons who received a diagnosis of HIV infection during 2006-2012.

Results:  From 2006 to 2012, the median CD4 T-cell count increased from 325 to 379 cells/µL at diagnosis and from 178 to 360 cells/μL at ART initiation.

Expanded HIV testing coverage is associated with decreases in late HIV diagnoses.

Objective: Expanded HIV testing coverage could result in earlier diagnosis of HIV, along with reduced morbidity, mortality and onward HIV transmission.

Design: Longitudinal analysis of aggregate, population-based surveillance data within New York City (NYC) ZIP codes.

Methods: We examined new HIV diagnoses and recent HIV testing to examine whether changes in recent HIV testing coverage (last 12 months) were associated with changes in late HIV diagnosis rates within NYC ZIP codes during 2003-2010, a period of expansion of HIV testing in NYC.

Next-generation oral preexposure prophylaxis: beyond tenofovir.

Purpose Of Review: Clinical trials of oral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) have focused on regimens of tenofovir (TDF) with or without emtricitabine (FTC). However, TDF may be associated with toxicities (renal, bone), and FTC may select for drug resistance. Both are also first-line drugs for HIV treatment.

Tuberculosis among Africans living in the United States, 2000-2009.

The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) has declined steadily in the United States; however, foreign-born persons are disproportionately affected. The aim of our study was to describe characteristics of TB patients diagnosed in the United States who originated from the African continent. Using data from the U.

Female genital cutting and HIV/AIDS among Kenyan women.

Female genital cutting (FGC) and HIV/AIDS are both highly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, and researchers have speculated that the association may be more than coincidental. Data from 3167 women aged 15-49 who participated in the 2003 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS) are used to test the direct and indirect associations of FGC with HIV. Our adjusted models suggest that FGC is not associated directly with HIV, but is associated indirectly through several pathways.