A novel rare event approach to measure the randomness and concentration of road accidents.

Background: Road accidents are one of the main causes of death around the world and yet, from a time-space perspective, they are a rare event. To help us prevent accidents, a metric to determine the level of concentration of road accidents in a city could aid us to determine whether most of the accidents are constrained in a small number of places (hence, the environment plays a leading role) or whether accidents are dispersed over a city as a whole (hence, the driver has the biggest influence).

Methods: Here, we apply a new metric, the Rare Event Concentration Coefficient (RECC), to measure the concentration of road accidents based on a mixture model applied to the counts of road accidents over a discretised space.

Stratification of MDD and GAD patients by resting state brain connectivity predicts cognitive bias.

Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) show between-group comorbidity and symptom overlap, and within-group heterogeneity. Resting state functional connectivity might provide an alternate, biologically informed means by which to stratify patients with GAD or MDD. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 23 adults with GAD, 21 adults with MDD, and 27 healthy adult control participants.

Gravity and scaling laws of city to city migration.

Models of human migration provide powerful tools to forecast the flow of migrants, measure the impact of a policy, determine the cost of physical and political frictions and more. Here, we analyse the migration of individuals from and to cities in the US, finding that city to city migration follows scaling laws, so that the city size is a significant factor in determining whether, or not, an individual decides to migrate and the city size of both the origin and destination play key roles in the selection of the destination. We observe that individuals from small cities tend to migrate more frequently, tending to move to similar-sized cities, whereas individuals from large cities do not migrate so often, but when they do, they tend to move to other large cities.

Survey dataset on analysis of queues in some selected banks in Ogun State, Nigeria.

Queuing theory is the mathematical study of waiting queues (or lines). The theory enables the mathematical analysis of several related processes such as arriving at the queue, waiting in line and being served by a server. This data article contains the analysis of queuing systems obtained from queues from the observed data of some selected banks in Ogun State.

Prepectoral Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction with Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy.

Background: Two-stage subpectoral implant-based breast reconstruction is the most common method for breast reconstruction. Recent advances in surgical techniques and technology have made prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction feasible. There are limited data on outcomes after prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction and postmastectomy radiation therapy.

Gardening for Health: Patterns of Gardening and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Among the Navajo.

American Indians, including Navajo, are disproportionately affected by obesity and diabetes, in part due to diet-related health behaviors. The purpose of this study was to assess the patterns of gardening and fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption among residents in two communities on the Navajo Nation in order to inform a community gardening intervention. We analyzed survey data collected from participants in the Yéego Gardening study conducted in two communities in the Navajo Nation (N = 169).

Lower Extremity Limb Salvage with Cross Leg Pedicle Flap, Cross Leg Free Flap, and Cross Leg Vascular Cable Bridge Flap.

Background:  Lower extremity salvage following significant soft tissue loss can be complicated by lack of recipient vessel for free tissue transfer. We describe our experience in lower limb salvage for patients with no recipient vessels with the use of pedicle, free and cable bridge flaps.

Methods:  A retrospective review from 1985 to 2017 of patients undergoing lower limb salvage using a contralateral pedicle cross leg (PCL) flaps, free cross leg (FCL) flaps, or free cable bridge (FCB) flaps was conducted.

Anxiety, Depression, and Decision Making: A Computational Perspective.

In everyday life, the outcomes of our actions are rarely certain. Further, we often lack the information needed to precisely estimate the probability and value of potential outcomes as well as how much effort will be required by the courses of action under consideration. Under such conditions of uncertainty, individual differences in the estimation and weighting of these variables, and in reliance on model-free versus model-based decision making, have the potential to strongly influence our behavior.

Dental Students' Skills Assessments: Comparisons of Daily Clinical Grades and Clinical and Laboratory Assessments.

The aim of this study was to compare the daily clinical grades of third-year dental students during routine clinical activities involving direct and indirect operative procedures to clinical and laboratory assessments. The authors compared students' daily clinical grades to graded clinical assessments and compared daily clinical grades to laboratory assessments at one U.S.

Radiotherapy for anal squamous cell carcinoma: must the upper pelvic nodes and the inguinal nodes be treated?

Background: Loco-regional failure is the predominant cause of death in anal squamous cell carcinoma. We assessed patterns of loco-regional recurrence to determine the impact of radiotherapy (RT) volumes on patient outcome.

Methods: Retrospective clinical study, including patients treated curatively with RT or chemo-radiotherapy between 1994 and 2007.

Together We STRIDE: A quasi-experimental trial testing the effectiveness of a multi-level obesity intervention for Hispanic children in rural communities.

Background: Hispanic children are disproportionally overweight and obese compared to their non-Hispanic white counterparts in the US. Community-wide, multi-level interventions have been successful to promote healthier nutrition, increased physical activity (PA), and weight loss. Using community-based participatory approach (CBPR) that engages community members in rural Hispanic communities is a promising way to promote behavior change, and ultimately weight loss among Hispanic children.

Statistical Signal Properties of the Pressure-Reactivity Index (PRx).

Objectives: The pressure-reactivity index (PRx) is defined in terms of the moving correlation coefficient between intracranial pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) and is a measure of cerebral autoregulation ability. Plots of PRx against cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) show a U-shaped behaviour: the minimum reflecting optimal cerebral autoregulation (CPPopt). However U-shaped behaviour may also occur by chance.

Common schizophrenia alleles are enriched in mutation-intolerant genes and in regions under strong background selection.

Schizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric condition often associated with poor quality of life and decreased life expectancy. Lack of progress in improving treatment outcomes has been attributed to limited knowledge of the underlying biology, although large-scale genomic studies have begun to provide insights. We report a new genome-wide association study of schizophrenia (11,260 cases and 24,542 controls), and through meta-analysis with existing data we identify 50 novel associated loci and 145 loci in total.

An analysis of effects of heterozygosity in dairy cattle for bovine tuberculosis resistance.

Genetic selection of cattle more resistant to bovine tuberculosis (bTB) may offer a complementary control strategy. Hypothesising underlying non-additive genetic variation, we present an approach using genome-wide high density markers to identify genomic loci with dominance effects on bTB resistance and to test previously published regions with heterozygote advantage in bTB. Our data comprised 1151 Holstein-Friesian cows from Northern Ireland, confirmed bTB cases and controls, genotyped with the 700K Illumina BeadChip.

Yéego Gardening! A Community Garden Intervention to Promote Health on the Navajo Nation.

Background: Yéego Gardening! is a community garden intervention to increase gardening behavior, increase access to low-cost fruit and vegetables, and ultimately increase consumption in Navajo communities.

Objectives: To design a theory-based, culturally relevant intervention with three components: a community garden, monthly workshops on gardening and healthy eating, and community outreach.

Methods: Gardens were constructed and maintained in collaboration with community-based organizations in two Navajo communities.

Estimating the costs and cost-effectiveness of promoting mammography screening among US-based Latinas.

Purpose: We characterize the costs and cost-effectiveness of a community health worker (CHW)-based intervention to promote screening mammography among US-based non-adherent Latinas.

Methods: The parent study was a randomized controlled trial for 536 Latinas aged 42-74 years old who had sought care within a safety net health center in Western Washington. Participants were block-randomized within clinic to the control arm (usual care) or intervention arm (CHW-led motivational interviewing intervention).

Public policies on healthcare-associated infections: a Brazil and UK case study.

To summarize the historical events and drivers underlying public policy for the prevention and control of healthcare-associated infections in Brazil and in the United Kingdom. In doing so, the article aims to identify lessons and recommendations for future development of public policy. The analysis is based on a historical overview of national healthcare-associated infections programs taken from previously published sources.

Interfacial Adsorption of Monoclonal Antibody COE-3 at the Solid/Water Interface.

Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and neutron reflection (NR) data for the adsorption of a monoclonal antibody (mAb, termed COE-3, pI 8.44) at the bare SiO/water interface are compared here to the simulations based on Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory. COE-3 adsorption was characterized by an initial rapid increase in the surface-adsorbed amount (Γ) followed by a plateau.

Cardioprotective action of the aqueous extract of Terminalia arjuna bark against toxicity induced by doxorubicin.

Background: The aqueous extract of Terminalia arjuna (TA) bark (TA) has been shown to have a direct inotropic effect on ventricular myocytes. Active constituents of TA contain various flavonoids and proanthocyanidins, some of which are known to have antioxidant activities. Whether TA affords a cardioprotective action against oxidative stress (OS) remains unclear.

Impact of upper body precooling during warm-up on subsequent time trial paced cycling in the heat.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that cooling the upper body during a warm-up enhances performance during a subsequent 16.1-km simulated cycling time trial in a hot environment.

Design: Counterbalanced, repeated measures design.

Heart rate variability and implication for sport concussion.

Finding sensitive and specific markers for sports-related concussion is both challenging and clinically important. Such biomarkers might be helpful in the management of patients with concussion (i.e.

Datasets on the statistical properties of the first 3000 squared positive integers.

The data in this article are as a result of a quest to uncover alternative research routes of deepening researchers' understanding of integers apart from the traditional number theory approach. Hence, the article contains the statistical properties of the digits sum of the first 3000 squared positive integers. The data describes the various statistical tools applied to reveal different statistical and random nature of the digits sum of the first 3000 squared positive integers.