Guideline-directed medical therapy rates in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction in a diverse cohort.

Aims: Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) is recommended for all patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Despite this, little data exist describing GDMT use in diverse, real-world populations including the use of vasodilators, prescribed primarily to Black populations. We sought, among a diverse population of HFrEF patients, to determine (1) GDMT use rates and target dosing by medication class and (2) predictors of GDMT use and target dosing by medication class.

Left-handed use of surgical instruments: improved function through understanding instrument design.

Objective: To explain design features of scissors and surgical instruments that work against left-handed users and demonstrate how the user can adapt their technique for ambidextrous use of standard instruments.

Animals: Any species.

Methods: Standard instruments are designed for maximal efficiency with the use of a right-handed grip.

How to perform a transtracheal aspirate in horses for diagnosis of lower respiratory tract disease.

Objective: To describe indications for and demonstrate the technique to perform a transtracheal aspirate in horses. Transtracheal aspirate is indicated to collect samples for cytology and bacteriologic culture in cases of suspected pneumonia or other lower respiratory tract disease.

Animals: 1 healthy university-owned horse was used for demonstration purposes.

Acid ceramidase controls proteasome inhibitor resistance and is a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of relapsed / refractory multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) patients are often refractory to targeted therapies including proteasome inhibitors (PIs). Here, analysis of RNA sequencing data derived from 672 patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory disease identified the acid ceramidase, ASAH1, as a key regulator of PI resistance. Genetic or pharmacological blockade of ASAH1 remarkably restored PI sensitivity and protected mice from resistant MM progression in vivo.

Just an unfair score: Perceptions of gender inequity in the treatment of substance use disorders among women involved in the criminal legal system.

Introduction: Increasing overdose deaths and criminal legal involvement among women necessitate women-specific solutions to curb the adverse consequences of substance use disorders (SUDs). The current study is the pre-implementation phase of an implementation science study that works with various stakeholders-affected women, criminal legal professionals, and SUD treatment professionals-to identify and address high-priority needs for criminal-legal involved women with SUDs.

Methods: This study uses semi-structured interviews (N = 42) administered in 2022 to women with a history of SUD and criminal legal involvement (n = 20), SUD treatment professionals (n = 12), and criminal legal professionals (n = 10).

Decreased Circulating Red Cell Mass Induced by Intravenous Acepromazine Administration Alters Viscoelastic and Traditional Plasma Coagulation Testing Results in Healthy Horses.

Coagulopathy is common in equine critical illness, with its early recognition being crucial for patient management and prognosis. In vitro viscoelastic (VE) hypercoagulability with decreased RCM/PCV has been demonstrated in dogs but not horses. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of acepromazine-induced (0.

The Functional Transcriptomic Landscape Informs Therapeutic Strategies in Multiple Myeloma.

Several therapeutic agents have been approved for treating multiple myeloma, a cancer of bone marrow-resident plasma cells. Predictive biomarkers for drug response could help guide clinical strategies to optimize outcomes. In this study, we present an integrated functional genomic analysis of tumor samples from patients multiple myeloma that were assessed for their ex vivo drug sensitivity to 37 drugs, clinical variables, cytogenetics, mutational profiles, and transcriptomes.

Mitral Annular Disjunction Associated with Ventricular Dilation in Pediatric Marfan Syndrome: A Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Study.

Background: Mitral annular disjunction (MAD) has increasingly been recognized as a marker for adverse cardiovascular events in Marfan syndrome (MFS). As recent adult data links MFS with left ventricular (LV) dilation and reduced ejection fraction (LVEF), we hypothesized that MAD may be associated with LV dilation in pediatric MFS patients.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed among MFS patients < 19 years old at initial cardiac MRI (CMR).

Stability of Gastric Fluid and Fecal Microbial Populations in Healthy Horses under Pasture and Stable Conditions.

Equine gastrointestinal microbial communities vary across the gastrointestinal tract and in response to diet or disease. Understanding the composition and stability of gastric fluid microbiota in healthy horses is a prerequisite to understanding changes associated with the development of disease. The objective of this study was to describe microbial communities in the gastric fluid and feces of healthy horses longitudinally.

Histone deacetylase upregulation of neuropilin-1 in osteosarcoma is essential for pulmonary metastasis.

The lungs represent the most common site of metastasis for osteosarcoma (OS). Despite our advances in developing targeted therapies for treating solid malignancies, broad acting chemotherapies remain the first line treatment for OS. In assaying the efficacy of approved therapeutics for non-OS malignancies, we previously identified the histone deacetylase 1 and 2 (HDAC1 and 2) inhibitor, romidepsin, as effective for the treatment of established lung metastatic OS.

Complete Genome Sequencing and Comparative Phylogenomics of Nine African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) Isolates of the Virulent East African Genotype IX without Viral Sequence Enrichment.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is endemic to African wild pigs ( and ), in which viral infection is asymptomatic, and soft ticks. However, ASFV causes a lethal disease in Eurasian domestic pigs (). While Sub-Saharan Africa is believed to be the original home of ASFV, publicly available whole-genome ASFV sequences show a strong bias towards p72 Genotypes I and II, which are responsible for domestic pig pandemics outside Africa.

Local control of pediatric head and neck sarcoma with free flap reconstruction obviating the need for radiotherapy: a case report.

Background: Microvascular free-tissue transfer is a widely used technique for surgical site reconstruction following head and neck mass resection. While it is commonly used in adults, the rarity of head and neck cancers in children makes free flap reconstruction relatively rare in this population. Free flap reconstruction allows for coverage of large defects which may result from wide resections performed to avoid exposing pediatric patients to primary radiotherapy.

Increased packed cell volume alters point of care viscoelastic clotting parameters in horses.

Background: Polycythaemia and coagulopathy are identified risk factors for non-survival in critically ill horses. Assessment of coagulation is recommended for critical care monitoring but may be affected by concurrent polycythaemia.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of induced polycythaemia on coagulation parameters as measured by a point-of-care viscoelastic coagulation device (VCM Vet™).

Brief report: incidence and outcomes of pediatric tracheal intubation-associated cardiac arrests in the ICU-RESUS clinical trial.

Background: Tracheal intubation (TI)-associated cardiac arrest (TI-CA) occurs in 1.7% of pediatric ICU TIs. Our objective was to evaluate resuscitation characteristics and outcomes between cardiac arrest patients with and without TI-CA.

Demographic Factors Associated with Presenting for Eye Evaluation in the Partnership for Research on Vaccines and Infectious Diseases in Liberia III Natural History Study of Ebola Virus Disease.

Purpose: Survivors of Ebola virus disease (EVD) are at risk for ocular complications after infection. We sought to identify demographic factors associated with the likelihood to present for eye examination among Ebola survivors enrolled in a longitudinal natural history study of EVD.

Methods: The Partnership for Research on Vaccines and Infectious Diseases in Liberia (PREVAIL) III Ebola natural history study is a 5-year study that seeks to identify long-term sequelae of EVD, including ocular sequelae.

Systematic evaluation supports the use of ELISA for quantification of calprotectin in equine feces, a first step toward noninvasive quantification of intestinal inflammation in horses.

Objective: To optimize and evaluate methods for the detection of the inflammatory biomarkers myeloperoxidase (MPO) and calprotectin (CP) in equine feces by ELISA.

Animals: Healthy horses (n = 28) and horses with intestinal inflammation (n = 10).

Methods: Feces were suspended in buffer to create fecal supernatant.

Continent-wide genomic analysis of the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer).

The African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) is a wild bovid with a historical distribution across much of sub-Saharan Africa. Genomic analysis can provide insights into the evolutionary history of the species, and the key selective pressures shaping populations, including assessment of population level differentiation, population fragmentation, and population genetic structure. In this study we generated the highest quality de novo genome assembly (2.

Microbial populations vary between the upper and lower respiratory tract, but not within biogeographic regions of the lung of healthy horses.

Understanding normal microbial populations within areas of the respiratory tract is essential, as variable regional conditions create different niches for microbial flora, and proliferation of commensal microbes likely contributes to clinical respiratory disease. The objective was to describe microbial population variability between respiratory tract locations in healthy horses. Samples were collected from four healthy adult horses by nasopharyngeal lavage (NPL), transtracheal aspirate (TTA), and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of six distinct regions within the lung.

Epinephrine Dosing Intervals Are Associated With Pediatric In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Outcomes: A Multicenter Study.

Objectives: Data to support epinephrine dosing intervals during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are conflicting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between epinephrine dosing intervals and outcomes. We hypothesized that dosing intervals less than 3 minutes would be associated with improved neurologic survival compared with greater than or equal to 3 minutes.

Expression of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in horses experimentally infected with merozoites is associated with antibody production but not modulation of pro-inflammatory responses.

() is an apicomplexan parasite that causes severe hemolytic anemia in equids. Presently, there is inadequate knowledge of the immune responses induced by in equid hosts impeding understanding of the host parasite relationship and development of potent vaccines for control of infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the host-parasite dynamics between merozoites and infected horses by assessing cytokine expression during primary and secondary parasite exposure, and to determine whether the pattern of expression correlated with clinical indicators of disease.