Ailing and failing endosseous dental implants: a literature review.

Although the overall success rate of implant dentistry is very high, dental implants occasionally fail. It is essential for the clinician to recognize unhealthy implants and to determine whether they are ailing, failing, or failed prior to beginning any salvage efforts. Ailing and failing implants are amenable to therapy.

CC chemokine ligand 1 promotes recruitment of eosinophils but not Th2 cells during the development of allergic airways disease.

One of the characteristic features of allergic asthma is recruitment of large numbers of inflammatory cells including eosinophils and Th2 lymphocytes to the lung. This influx of inflammatory cells is thought to be a controlled and coordinated process mediated by chemokines and their receptors. It is thought that distinct, differential expression of chemokine receptors allows selective migration of T cell subtypes in response to the chemokines that bind these receptors.

The structure and function of MCM from archaeal M. Thermoautotrophicum.

Eukaryotic chromosomal DNA is licensed for replication precisely once in each cell cycle. The mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM) complex plays a role in this replication licensing. We have determined the structure of a fragment of MCM from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum (mtMCM), a model system for eukaryotic MCM.

Practical asymmetric synthesis of aprepitant, a potent human NK-1 receptor antagonist, via a stereoselective Lewis acid-catalyzed trans acetalization reaction.

A streamlined and high-yielding synthesis of aprepitant (1), a potent substance P (SP) receptor antagonist, is described. The enantiopure oxazinone 16 starting material was synthesized via a novel crystallization-induced dynamic resolution process. Conversion of 16 to the penultimate intermediate cis-sec-amine 9 features a highly stereoselective Lewis acid-catalyzed trans acetalization of chiral alcohol 3 with trichloroacetimidate 18 followed by inversion of the adjacent chiral center on the morpholine ring.

The evolution of epistemology and concepts in an iterative-generative reflective practice: the importance of small differences.

Using a contextualist epistemology, it would be expected that regional differences in community psychology would develop over time. It is argued that the epistemology and theory of Western Australian community psychology, while largely based on North American approaches, has developed its own idiosyncracies. These developed through the integration of practice and theory in an "iterative-generative" fashion.

Modern endodontic therapy for an incompletely developed tooth.

An important goal of modern dentistry is to preserve a functional, esthetic, and pain-free dentition. If irreversible pulp pathology occurs in an immature permanent tooth from traumatic or carious exposure, normal apical maturation may be interrupted. Conventional endodontic obturation techniques, if necessary, will be difficult and may not be adequate in such a tooth.

Swallowing outcomes following laryngectomy and pharyngolaryngectomy.

Objectives: To determine the incidence of dysphagia (defined as the inability to manage a diet of normal consistencies) at hospital discharge and beyond 1 year postsurgery and examine the impact of persistent dysphagia on levels of disability, handicap, and well-being in patients.

Design: Retrospective review and patient contact.

Setting: Adult acute care tertiary hospital.

A novel immunoglobulin superfamily receptor (19A) related to CD2 is expressed on activated lymphocytes and promotes homotypic B-cell adhesion.

A novel lymphocyte-specific immunoglobulin superfamily protein (19A) has been cloned. The predicted 335-amino-acid sequence of 19A represents a Type 1 membrane protein with homology with the CD2 family of receptors. A molecular model of the two predicted extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains of 19A has been generated using the crystal structure of CD2 as a template.

The absence of interleukin 9 does not affect the development of allergen-induced pulmonary inflammation nor airway hyperreactivity.

Interleukin (IL)-9 is a pleiotropic cytokine secreted by T helper (Th)2 cells and has been proposed as a candidate gene for asthma and allergy. We have used mice genetically deficient in IL-9 to determine the role of this cytokine in the pathophysiologic features of the allergic pulmonary response-airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and eosinophilia. We have demonstrated that IL-9 is not required for the development of a robust Th2 response to allergen in sensitized mice.

Estimating body weight and body composition of chickens by using noninvasive measurements.

The major objective of this research was to develop equations to estimate BW and body composition using measurements taken with inexpensive instruments. We used five groups of chickens that were created with different genetic stocks and feeding programs. Four of the five groups were from broiler genetic stock, and one was from sex-linked heavy layers.

Reengineering granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for enhanced stability.

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is a long-chain cytokine that has both biological and therapeutic applications. It is involved in the production and maturation of neutrophilic progenitor cells and neutrophils and is administered to stimulate the production of white blood cells to reduce the risk of serious infection in immunocompromised patients. We have reengineered granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to improve the thermodynamic stability of the protein, focusing on enhancing the alpha-helical propensity of residues in the antiparallel 4-helix bundle of the protein.

Ambient temperature modulates hypoxic-induced changes in rat body temperature and activity differentially.

When rats, acclimated to an ambient temperature (T(a)) of 29 degrees C, are exposed to 10% O(2) for 63 h, the circadian rhythms of body temperature (T(b)) and level of activity (L(a)) are abolished, T(b) falls to a hypothermic nadir followed by a climb to a hyperthermic peak, L(a) remains depressed (Bishop B, Silva G, Krasney J, Salloum A, Roberts A, Nakano H, Shucard D, Rifkin D, and Farkas G. Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 279: R1378-R1389, 2000), and overt brain pathology is detected (Krasney JA, Farkas G, Shucard DW, Salloum AC, Silva G, Roberts A, Rifkin D, Bishop B, and Rubio A. Soc Neurosci Abstr 25: 581, 1999).

Dramatic structural and thermodynamic consequences of repacking a protein's hydrophobic core.

Background: Rop is an RNA binding, dimeric, four-helix bundle protein with a well-defined, regular hydrophobic core ideally suited for redesign studies. A family of Rop variants in which the hydrophobic core was systematically redesigned has previously been created and characterized.

Results: We present a structural and thermodynamic analysis of Ala2Ile2-6, a variant of Rop with an extensively redesigned hydrophobic core.

Inheritance and synergism of resistance to imidacloprid in the Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), adults and larvae collected from Long Island, NY, were 100.8 and 13.2 times more resistant to imidacloprid, respectively, compared with a susceptible strain.

Circadian rhythms of body temperature and activity levels during 63 h of hypoxia in the rat.

The hypothermic response of rats to only brief ( approximately 2 h) hypoxia has been described previously. The present study analyzes the hypothermic response in rats, as well as level of activity (L(a)), to prolonged (63 h) hypoxia at rat thermoneutral temperature (29 degrees C). Mini Mitter transmitters were implanted in the abdomens of 10 adult Sprague-Dawley rats to continuously record body temperature (T(b)) and L(a).

Avermectins and flea control: structure-activity relationships and the selection of selamectin for development as an endectocide for companion animals.

Evaluation of a wide range of avermectin derivatives for flea activity in an in vitro feeding screen using the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis, revealed a narrow structure-activity relationship (SAR) with activity surprisingly associated with monosaccharides and especially their C-5-oximes. We discovered commercially exploitable flea activity in a single compound, selamectin 33, which also possessed the necessary antiparasitic spectrum and margin of safety for development as a broad-spectrum companion animal endectocide.

Dose selection of selamectin for efficacy against adult fleas (Ctenocephalides felis felis) on dogs and cats.

Selamectin, a novel avermectin, was evaluated in two controlled studies (one in Beagles, one in domestic shorthaired cats) to determine an appropriate topical dose for efficacy against adult Ctenocephalides felis felis (C. felis) fleas on dogs and cats for 1 month. For each study, animals were allocated randomly to four treatments.

Selamectin: a novel broad-spectrum endectocide for dogs and cats.

Selamectin, 25-cyclohexyl-25-de(1-methylpropyl)-5-deoxy-22, 23-dihydro-5-(hydroxyimino)-avermectin B1 monosaccharide, is a novel endectocide with a unique combination of efficacy and safety in dogs and cats following both oral and topical administration. The compound is active against fleas and ticks, intestinal hookworms and ascarids, and immature heartworms. Also it is well tolerated at higher dosages than 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1a (DHAVM) or milbemycin oxime in Collies, which is a breed known to exhibit idiosyncratic sensitivity to avermectins.

Ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia following chronic hypercapnia in the rat.

This study investigated the effects of an 18 week exposure to 10% CO(2) in air on minute ventilation (V(E)), breathing pattern and the chemoresponiveness of rats to hypoxic and hyperoxic stimuli. We found that V(E) remained elevated over the 18 weeks. Nonetheless, the breathing pattern changed significantly.

Chromosomal latency and expression at map unit 96 of a wild-type plus adeno-associated virus (AAV)/Neo vector and identification of p81, a new AAV transcriptional promoter.

Objective: Human adeno-associated virus (AAV) is ubiquitous and known to establish latency by chromosomal integration. We have constructed a wild-type plus AAV vector, ins96-0.9Neo, containing the neomycin resistance gene open reading frame (Neo ORF) of 960 bases in length at map unit 96 of the virus.

Interexaminer reliability of activator methods' relative leg-length evaluation in the prone extended position.

Objective: To investigate the interexaminer reliability of the prone extended relative leg-length check as described by Activator Methods, Inc.

Subjects: Thirty-four subjects were selected from a pool of 52 consecutive patients visiting a private chiropractic office.

Methods: Exclusion criteria included congenital or acquired conditions known to affect lower extremity length and inability to lie prone for a 10-minute period.

Abdominal motor unit activity during respiratory and nonrespiratory tasks.

Abdominal muscles serve multiple roles, but the functional organization of their motoneurons remains unclear. To gain insight, we recorded single motor unit potentials from the internal oblique (IO) and transversus abdominis (TA) muscles of three standing subjects during quiet breathing, a leg lift, and an expiratory threshold load. Inspiratory airflow, recorded from a pneumotachometer, provided tidal volumes and respiratory cycle timing.

Centralization of low back pain and perceived functional outcome.

McKenzie's methods for evaluating and treating low back pain are used often but studied little. When using the McKenzie system, it is important to observe signs of symptom movement to a central location (centralization). This study investigated the relationships between centralization of low back pain and/or radiculopathy and the subjects' rating of functional outcome.