Secondary Structure Analysis of Fasciola from Semi-wild Ruminants of Northeast India.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to study the secondary structure analysis of Fasciola flukes from a rare mithun host from Manipur. Fascioliasis, a neglected tropical trematodiasis, is poorly studied in India and is widely believed to be predominantly caused by F. gigantica.

In vitro cestocidal activity of (L.) Delarbre, a traditionally used anthelmintic plant in India.

is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of helminth infections among the Naga people of India. To verify the traditional claim of the plant, an in vitro anthelmintic efficacy of the methanol extract of leaves was investigated based on the paralytic and mortality effects on , an intestinal cestode parasite of domestic fowl, following exposure to 10, 20 and 30 mg/ml concentrations of extract. The effects of extract were also studied on the body surface of the parasites by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

A kaempferol derivative isolated from Lysimachia ramosa (Wall ex. Duby) induced alteration of acetyl cholinesterase and nitric oxide synthase in Raillietina echinobothrida.

Lysimachia ramosa has been used as a traditional medicine among the tribal population of Meghalaya, northeast India, for the control of helminthosis. The anthelmintic efficacy of L. ramosa has been documented earlier.

Characterization of Clinostomum metacercariae using microscopic and molecular approaches.

One of the fundamental aspects in understanding the biology, diversity and epidemiology of a parasite lies in its proper identification. In the present study, morphological and molecular characterization of Clinostomum metacercariae recovered from an ornamental fish, Trichogaster fasciata, was carried out in order to ascertain its identity. To serve the purpose, scanning electron micrographs and gene sequences for two commonly used molecular markers, i.

Molecular identification of two cestodes species parasitizing freshwater fishes in India.

In the present study, molecular identification of two species of cestodes, and infecting freshwater fishes and , respectively in Manipur is carried out. To ascertain the taxonomic status of these helminth parasites, 18S gene marker was used. Phylogenetic analysis of 18S of sp.

Biochemical and ultrastructural changes in in vitro exposed to extract of .

(Primulaceae) is a traditionally used medicinal plant, leaves extract of which is being widely used by the Jaintia tribes of Meghalaya, India for controlling helminthiasis. Preliminary investigation carried out on helminth parasites revealed that the crude extract of the plant causes deformity in the surface topography leading to death of the parasites. Therefore, the present study was conducted to identify the specific fraction of the crude leaf extract of the plant responsible for cestocidal efficacy, through biochemical and ultrastructural studies in exposed to crude extract and its different fractions namely hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and -butanol.

The seasonal incidence of parasitic helminth infection among the walking catfish, Clarias batrachus of Tripura, India.

In the present study, a total of 868 walking catfish, Clarias batrachus, were collected during the period of April, 2012 to March, 2015, to evaluate the prevalence of helminth parasites from different parts of Tripura, Northeast India. Of these, 606 fish were found to be infected with one genus of trematode viz., Astiotrema, two genera of cestode viz.

Animal Fascioliasis: Perspectives from high altitudinal regions.

The parasitic flukes of the genus Fasciola (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda: Digenea) cause fascioliasis or liver-rot disease in ruminant livestock in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Classically, two species of Fasciola- F. hepatica and F.

Status of tick infections among semi-wild cattle in Arunachal Pradesh, India.

Unlabelled: To explore the seasonal prevalence of tick infections in mithun (Bos frontalis) and yak (B. grunniens) a study was conducted in Papum Pare district, Kurung-Kumey district and West Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh, India from December 2012 to November 2014. Adult ticks were collected from both the animals during the month of December 2012 to November 2014.

Differential diagnosis and molecular characterization of Hymenolepis nana and Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea: Hymenolepididae) based on nuclear rDNA ITS2 gene marker.

Given the widespread distribution and medical implication of members of the genus Hymenolepis, specific identification of the aetiological agent becomes imperative. For precise diagnosis of the species, molecular techniques such as PCR and RFLP of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (rDNA-ITS2) gene marker were carried out. The results showed distinct restriction patterns for both Hymenolepis nana and Hymenolepis diminuta when digested with either of the enzymes RsaI, HaeIII or HhaI.

Molecular phylogeny of Cyclophyllidea (Cestoda: Eucestoda): an in-silico analysis based on mtCOI gene.

Order Cyclophyllidea (of cestode platyhelminths) has a rich diversity of parasites and includes many families and species that are known to cause serious medical condition in humans and domestic and wild animals. Despite various attempts to resolve phylogenetic relationships at the inter-family level, uncertainty remains. In order to add resolution to the existing phylogeny of the order, we generated partial mtCO1 sequences for some commonly occurring cyclophyllidean cestodes and combined them with available sequences from GenBank.

Praziquantel induced oxidative stress and apoptosis-like cell death in Raillietina echinobothrida.

Praziquantel (PZQ) is an anthelmintic drug used against trematode and cestode parasites of humans and veterinary animals. Since praziquantel was introduced as a broadspectrum anthelmintic, numerous studies described its successful use against helminth parasites, but its exact mechanism of action is feebly understood. Therefore, the present study was carried out to evaluate the possible role of PZQ induced oxidative stress in apoptosis-like cell death in the poultry tapeworm Raillietina echinobothrida.

Cysticercus fasciolaris infection induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat liver: a strategy for host-parasite cross talk.

Parasitic helminths have developed various strategies to induce or inhibit apoptosis in the cells of their host, thereby modulating the host's immune response and aiding dissemination to the host. Cysticercus fasciolaris, the larval form of Taenia taeniaeformis, parasitized different intermediate hosts like rats, rabbits, etc. and is cosmopolitan in distribution.

Filarial infections in semi-wild cattle of Northeast India: first record of Setaria digitata (von Linstow 1906) in Bos frontalis (Lambert 1804).

The occurrence of adult Setaria digitata, a filarial nematode of bovine host is reported for the first time from mithun (Bos frontalis) of Arunachal Pradesh, India. During December 2011 to March 2012, a thorough survey was undertaken to evaluate the incidence and intensity of helminth infections among semi-wild cattle in Northeast India. During the course of investigation, the relatively uncommon species of Setaria was encountered among two out of eleven mithun examined.

α-Viniferin and resveratrol induced alteration in the activities of some energy metabolism related enzymes in the cestode parasite Raillietina echinobothrida.

α-Viniferin (AVF) and its monomer resveratrol (RESV) are natural phytostilbenes produced by several plants in response to injury or under the influence of pathogens such as bacteria or fungi. Our earlier studies have revealed that both the compounds exert anthelmintic activity through alterations of cestode tegument and its associated enzymes. The present study investigates the effects of these phytochemicals on some energy metabolism related enzymes in the fowl tapeworm, Raillietina echinobothrida.

Apoptosis like cell death in Raillietina echinobothrida induced by resveratrol.

Northeast India is geographically nestled as one of the biodiversity hotspots, rich in traditionally used medicinal plants. Resveratrol, a naturally occurring phytoalexin found in berries, peanuts, grapes, red wine and also in numerous anthelmintic plants, has attracted wide interest because of its diverse pharmacological characteristics. Recently, anthelmintic potential of the compound is established.

Resveratrol- and α-viniferin-induced alterations of acetylcholinesterase and nitric oxide synthase in Raillietina echinobothrida.

Phytostilbenes, like resveratrol and α-viniferin, which occur mainly in the plants and belong to the families Cyperaceae, Vitaceae, and Gnetaceae are extensively popular for their medicinal and nutritional properties. In Northeast India, the Jaintia tribes consume these phytochemicals through aqueous extract of the medicinal plant Carex baccans to control helminthiasis. The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of the phytochemicals on neurotransmitters and its related enzymes in helminth parasite Raillietina echinobothrida.

α-Viniferin-Induced Structural and Functional Alterations in Raillietina echinobothrida, a Poultry Tapeworm.

α-Viniferin, an active component of the plant Carex baccans L., is known for its anticancer, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties. In Northeast India, different tribes traditionally consume C.

In vivo anthelmintic activity of Carex baccans and its active principle resveratrol against Hymenolepis diminuta.

Anthelmintic resistance against most of the commercial drugs is a great threat to humans as well as the veterinary live stocks. Hence, new treatment strategies to control helminth infections are essential at this hour. Carex baccans Nees has been traditionally used by Jaintia tribes in Northeast India to get rid of intestinal worm infections.

Multilocus sequence evaluation for differentiating species of the trematode Family Gastrothylacidae, with a note on the utility of mitochondrial COI motifs in species identification.

Amphistomiasis, a neglected trematode infectious disease of ruminants, is caused by numerous species of amphistomes belonging to six families under the Superfamily Paramphistomoidea. In the present study, four frequently used DNA markers, viz. nuclear ribosomal 28S (D1-D3 regions), 18S and ITS2 and mitochondrial COI genes, as well as sequence motifs from these genes were evaluated for their utility in species characterization of members of the amphistomes' Family Gastrothylacidae commonly prevailing in Northeast India.

Effects of Acacia oxyphylla and Securinega virosa on functional characteristics of Raillietina echinobothrida (Phylum: Platyhelminthes; Class: Cestoidea), a poultry cestode parasite.

The histochemical distribution and quantification of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and adenosine triphosphatase have been investigated in the adult cyclophyllidean cestode, Raillietina echinobothrida after treatment with crude ethanol extract of traditionally used medicinal plants Acacia oxyphylla and Securinega virosa. Estimation of free amino acid pool and vital trace elements like calcium and magnesium were also performed to study the effect of the plant extracts on the parasite. A decrease in the levels of phosphatases and trace elements was noticed in the treated parasites when compared to control groups.

Resveratrol induced structural and biochemical alterations in the tegument of Raillietina echinobothrida.

The root tuber of Carex species has been used as an anthelmintic medicine for intestinal helminthic infections in the Northeast region of India. The main compound present in the root tuber of the genus Carex is resveratrol. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the anthelmintic effects of resveratrol in Raillietina echinobothrida by using motility observation, electron microscopy, histochemical and biochemical analysis.

Ultrastructural observations on Raillietina echinobothrida exposed to crude extract and active compound of Securinega virosa.

Securinega virosa has been used traditionally by the natives of Mizoram, India, to control intestinal worm infections. In the present study, the crude ethanol extract of the plant and its active component virosecurinine were tested in vitro on Raillietina echinobothrida to evaluate its potential anthelmintic efficacy and ultrastructural changes. The test parasites were exposed to different concentrations of the plant extract, active compound virosecurinine and reference drug praziquantel.