The Impact of Standard Cross-Linking on the Corneal Optical Density-Age Relationship in Keratoconus After Mechanical Stripping of the Epithelium.

To determine if cross-linking (CXL) treatment modifies any pre-existing association between corneal optical density (COD) and age in keratoconus free of corneal scarring. COD was monitored in two groups (i) before and after standard CXL treatment for keratoconus (de-epithelization with a crescent blade,  = 69 eyes) and (ii) age/gender-matched cases without any signs of keratoconus ( = 24 eyes). Seven different markers of COD were quantified using a 0-100 grey scale, supplied with Pentacam™ software.

Could Automated Objective Measurements Acquired at the Preoperative Stage Estimate the Corrected Distance Visual Acuity after Corneal Cross-Linking in Keratoconus?

Introduction: Objective markers describing corneal optical density (COD), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), and anterior (ARC) and posterior (PRC) surface radii over the 3 mm thinnest region of the cornea were investigated to provide a model for estimating corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) after corneal cross-linking (CXL) in keratoconus.

Methods: CDVA, COD, TCT, ARC, and PRC were monitored (using Pentacam™) over 1 year in patients with (1) keratoconus treated with routine CXL (2) relatively stable untreated keratoconus, and (3) age/gender-matched controls.

Results: In group 1 (n = 77), the median logMAR CDVA (mode, interquartile range) improved significantly (p < 0.

Stereoacuity and Aniseikonia: Evaluation Before and After Bilateral Implantation of Three Types of Presbyopia-Correcting Intraocular Lenses in Uncomplicated Phacoemulsification with Due Consideration of Interocular Differences in Higher Order Aberrations, Axial Lengths, Refractive Errors, and Acuities.

Purpose: To determine if the changes in stereoacuity and aniseikonia, following bilateral implantation of presbyopia correcting intraocular lenses could be predicted from preoperative measurements of higher order aberrations (HOAs), axial lengths (AL), refractive errors (RE) and corrected visual acuities (CVAs).

Patients And Methods: Stereoacuity (Randot tests, @6m & 40cm, in steps of 20 arcsecs") vertical and horizontal aniseikonia (Awaya test @6m, in steps of 1%) with best correction and HOAs (Shack-Hartmann aberrometer) were measured before, 3 and 6 months after uncomplicated bilateral phacoemulsification. Twenty patients (I) underwent a mix-and-match procedure (Tecnis MF, ZKB00 in one eye and ZLB00 in the other), 17 (II) were implanted with a trifocal (AT LISA 839 triMP) and 18 (III) with a one-piece diffractive (Synergy OU) intraocular lens.

Corneal Surface Elevation and Thickness in Relation to the Fit of Rigid Contact Lenses in Keratoconus and After Corneal Cross-Linking.

Purpose: To determine if factors pertaining to corneal thickness and elevation were linked to the prescribed back optic zone radius and overall diameter in keratoconus (group I), and cross-linked keratoconus (group II), cases successfully fitted with rigid contact lenses.

Patients And Methods: A review of cases adapted to contact lens wear (Rose K™) and assessed using Pentacam™ (for corneal anterior surface topography, astigmatism, elevation, and topographic thickness variation) was undertaken to determine the significance of any correlation with comfort, lens usage, grading of keratoconus, corrected distance visual acuity (with glasses and contacts), refractive error, prescribed lens powers, back optic zone radius and overall diameter values were assessed.

Results: Chief findings were, comfort was rated highly, lenses were worn for more than 10 hours/day in 75% of cases.

A Treatment Approach in Congenital Fibrosis of Extraocular Muscles.

Background: Congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscles ( CFEOM) is a group of genetically defined eye-moving disorders. The syndrome is clinically characterized by congenital non-progressive ophthalmoplegia caused by dysinervation of the cranial nerves with or without ptosis. As a main sign of a CFEOM, extraocular muscles get shrunken and fibrotic, which makes surgery more technically demanding and the result more unpredictable, which makes the treatment challenging and highly customized.

Management of Post-LASIK Ectasia.

Background: Corneal ectasia is a sight-threatening complication of corneal refractive surgery characterized by progressive steepening and thinning of the cornea and subsequent loss of best-corrected visual acuity.

Objective: To report the clinical outcomes following treatment of post-laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) induced ectasia.

Methods: This is a retrospective case series of 7 patients (10 eyes) which developed post-LASIK ectasia.

Stereoacuity and Multifocal Intraocular Lenses - a Systematic Review.

Background: Among various visual functions, stereoacuity, or the ability to perceive depth, is the most sophisticated binocular function. Many publications discuss the influence of retinal image formation by multifocal intraocular lenses on glare and contrast sensitivity, but only a few present results of testing binocular vision in patients with multifocal intraocular lenses.

Objective: This article is designed to review the results of testing binocular vision in patients with multifocal intraocular lenses implanted in cataract surgery.

Tecnics Eyhance Iol as a Solution for Anisometropic Amblyopia Cataract Patient: a Case Report.

Background: Amblyopia affects 1-3% of the population, leading to irreversible vision loss in children and adults. Treatment options include refractive correction, occlusion therapy, and atropine penalization. Anisometropic amblyopia, caused by a difference in refractive status between the eyes, can be treated using contact lenses, glasses, ICL implantation, or cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation.

Intravitreal Sustained-release Dexamethasone Implant in Treatment for Chronic Macular Edema in Syphilis Infection: a Case Report.

Background: Macular edema results from many conditions, such as diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammatory diseases, cataract operation, trauma, and tumors. Specifically, the capillary filtration rate should equal the speed of fluid removal from extracellular retinal tissue, such as the glial and retinal pigment epithelium cells layer (RPE). Once these forces are imbalanced, fluid accumulates in cystoid spaces within the inner layers of the retina.

Prevalence of keratoconus in refractive surgery practice population in North Macedonia.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of keratoconus (KC) in relation to ethnicity in a group of people who consulted an ophthalmological care institution seeking for refractive surgery in N. Macedonia.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional, interventional retrospective study.

Comparison between the change in total corneal astigmatism and actual change in refractive astigmatism in transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (tPRK), laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and femtosecond laser assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FsLASIK).

Purpose: To compare changes in astigmatism by refraction and total corneal astigmatism after tPRK, LASIK and FsLASIK.

Setting: Specialty Eye Hospital Svjetlost, Zagreb, Croatia.

Design: Partially masked, semi-randomized, prospective, case-by-case, interventional, clinical study.

A critical evaluation of longitudinal changes of astigmatism following implantation of toric implantable collamer lens (TICL): a comparison between treated and untreated cases over 4 years.

Purpose: To evaluate residual astigmatism following correction with toric implantable collamer lens (TICL) (group I) over a period of 4 years and compare with the change of astigmatism in spectacle wearers (group II).

Methods: Groups I (86 cases implanted with TICL [EVO + Visian ICL, Staar Surgical, Nidau, Switzeland], preop refractive error [sphere and cylinder] - 22.25 DS to - 1.

Comparison of Flap Characteristics Created with Two Different Methods in Laser in Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK).

Background: The creation of corneal flap is considered to be the most critical part of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery. Currently, flaps can be created with mechanical micorkeratomes or femtosecond lasers.

Objective: To analyze and compare flap characteristics created with two different methods for flap creation in Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

Laser keratomileusis in treatment of anisometropic amblyopia in adults.

Purpose: To compare and evaluate improvement in corrected distant visual acuity (CDVA) between myopia and hyperopia after laser keratomileusis (LASIK) in adult patients with anisometropic amblyopia.

Materials And Methods: This prospective clinical study included 103 amblyopic eyes (103 patients), which underwent LASIK correction of refractive error from January 2013 to January 2018. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), CDVA, spherical equivalent (SE), postoperative astigmatism, and intraocular pressure were evaluated at time points of 1, 6, and 12 months.

Clinical Outcomes With a New Continuous Range of Vision Presbyopia-Correcting Intraocular Lens.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes including patient-reported outcome measures in a sample of eyes undergoing bilateral cataract surgery with implantation of a new model of presbyopia-correcting intraocular lens (IOL).

Methods: This non-randomized prospective case series enrolled 206 eyes of 103 patients undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery with bilateral implantation of the TECNIS Synergy IOL (Johnson & Johnson Vision). High and low contrast visual acuity, refractive, defocus curve, and patient-reported visual performance (Catquest-9SF questionnaire) outcomes were evaluated during a 3-month follow-up.

Predicted and Measured Changes in Posterior Corneal Astigmatism after Uncomplicated Femtosecond Assisted LASIK (FsLASIK) and Microkeratome LASIK Correction for Myopia and Low Astigmatism.

: To compare predicted and measured changes in astigmatism at the posterior corneal surface (PCS) after FsLASIK or LASIK.: Astigmatism was measured at both corneal surfaces (Pentacam) before and 3 months after unremarkable FFsLASIK (roup 1,n = 100) or LLASIK (roup 2,n = 100) for myopia (-7.25DS to -0.

Are changes in visual acuity and astigmatism after corneal cross-linking (CXL) in keratoconus predictable?

Purpose: To evaluate changes in corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), ratio of anterior and posterior corneal radii over the thinnest region of the cornea (ARC/PRC), and astigmatism after cross-linking (CXL) in keratoconus.

Methods: Subjective refraction and ARC/PRC (using Pentacam™) were monitored over 1 year in (I) keratoconus treated with routine CXL (n = 53), (II) relatively stable keratoconus (n = 23), and (III) age/gender matched controls (n = 24).

Results: CDVA (median, mode, interquartile range) improved significantly in group I, compared with groups II and III (p < 0.

Vector Analysis of Visual Acuity and Refractive Outcomes of Astigmatic Corrections After T-PRK and Fs-LASIK.

Introduction: T Transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (T-PRK) and femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (Fs-LASIK) are reftactive surgery methods for treating myopia and myopic astigmatism. Although T-PRK obtains similar results to Fs-LASIK with spherical myopia, it has differences in astigmatism correction. Vector analysis is a perfect tool to see the real difference between these two methods regarding astigmatic refraction and visual acuity.

Changes in the Higher Order Ocular Aberrations and Central Corneal Thickness After T-PRK and Fs-LASIK.

Introduction: Refractive surgery procedures, transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (T-PRK), and femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (Fs-LASIK) are regarded as safe and efficacious methods for correcting myopia and myopic astigmatism. These two methods do not have many differences in results when treating spherical myopia while differences exist in the treatment of astigmatism correction. Vector analysis presents a powerful tool to show the real differences between these two methods regarding high ocular aberrations and central corneal thickness of treated eyes.

The relationship between patient age and residual refractive error after uneventful laser in situ keratomileusis for moderate-to-high hyperopia.

Purpose: To determine if the manifest sphero-cylindrical residual refractive error, at various time points over a 12-month postop period after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) was associated with patient age at time of surgery.

Methods: Patients with moderate to high hyperopia (3.00-7.

Pachymetry and Elevation Back Map Changes in Keratoconus Patients After Crosslinking Procedure.

Introduction: The crosslinking (CXL) procedure using the standard Dresden protocol is established as the gold standard for the treatment of progressive keratoconus.

Aim: The aim of this paper is to correlate the pachymetry and elevation back map (EBM) changes in the period from 3 to12 months of keratoconus patients after the CXL procedure. M.

Incidence of Keratoconus in Refractive Surgery Population of Vojvodina - Single Center Study.

Introduction: Keratoconus (KCN) is known to affect all ethnicities but its incidence exhibits geographical variability plausibly due to subclinical forms of the disease, differences in diagnostic methods and criteria, or differences in genetic variations in populations.

Aim: To examine the prevalence of keratoconus among the refractive surgery population of Vojvodina, who underwent refractive surgery screening at Eye Clinic Svjetlost Novi Sad, Serbia from September 2018 to September 2019. This is a single-center study.

Vector Analysis of Changes in the Higher Order Ocular Aberrations and Central Corneal Thickness After T-PRK and Fs-LASIK.

Introduction: Refractive surgery procedures, transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (T-PRK) and femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (Fs-LASIK) are regarded as safe and efficacious methods for correcting myopia and myopic astigmatism. These two methods do not have much differences in results when treating spherical myopia, while some differences does exist in treatment of myopic astigmatism. Vector analysis presents powerful tool to show the real differences between these two methods regarding higher order ocular aberrations and central corneal thickness of treated eyes.

Keratoconus Progression Classification One Year After Performed Crosslinking Method Based on ABCD Keratoconus Grading System.

Introduction: Keratoconus is described as a degenerative bilateral, progressive, noninflammatory corneal disorder characterized by ectasia, thinning, and increased curvature. Keratoconus progression classification 1 year after performed crosslinking method in this study is based on the ABCD keratoconus grading system.

Aim: To evaluate the possible keratoconus progression one year after performed a crosslinking (CXL) method based on the ABCD keratoconus grading system.

Epidemiology of Diabetic Retinopathy at Eye Clinic Svjetlost Sarajevo: Two Years Retrospective Single Center Study.

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an important cause of blindness, and occurs as a result of long-term accumulated damage to the small blood vessels in the retina. 2.6% of global blindness can be attributed to diabetes.