Evaluating IL-6 and IL-10 as rapid diagnostic tools for Gram-negative bacteria and as disease severity predictors in pediatric sepsis patients in the intensive care unit.

Background: To explore the diagnostic performance of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 in discriminating Gram bacteria types and predicting disease severity in intensive care unit (ICU)-hospitalized pediatric sepsis patients.

Method: We retrospectively collected Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles of 146 microbiologically documented sepsis patients. Patients were categorized into Gram-positive (G+) or Gram-negative (G-) sepsis groups, and cytokine levels were compared.

Using artificial intelligence to reduce queuing time and improve satisfaction in pediatric outpatient service: A randomized clinical trial.

Introduction: Complicated outpatient procedures are associated with excessive paperwork and long waiting times. We aimed to shorten queuing times and improve visiting satisfaction.

Methods: We developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted program named .

Clinical Efficacy of Soluble Thrombomodulin, Tissue Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor complex, Thrombin-Antithrombin complex,α2-Plasmininhibitor-Plasmin complex in Pediatric Sepsis.

Objective: To investigated the clinical efficacy of Soluble thrombomodulin (sTM), tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor complex (t-PAI·C),thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT),α2-plasmininhibitor-plasmin complex (PIC) in pediatric sepsis and pediatrics sepsis-induced coagulopathy (pSIC).

Methods: We prospectively collected patient data with sepsis diagnosed in the PICU of Shanghai Children's Medical Center from June 2019 to June 2021. sTM,t-PAI·C, TAT,PIC and classical coagulation laboratory tests (CCTs) were evaluated on the day of sepsis diagnosis.

Successful Use of Extracorporeal Life Support and Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in the Treatment of Cardiogenic Shock Induced by Tumor Lysis Syndrome in a Pediatric Patient With Lymphoma: A Case Report.

The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the treatment of cardiopulmonary failure in children with malignant tumors is controversial. There are few reports on the use of ECMO in the treatment of children with tumor lysis syndrome. This article reports a case of a 9-year-old girl who presented with hyperkalemia and cardiogenic shock.

Clinical value of pediatric sepsis-induced coagulopathy score in diagnosis of sepsis-induced coagulopathy and prognosis in children.

Background: In adults, sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) is diagnosed by the SIC score, known as sepsis-3. There is no pediatric SIC (pSIC) score at present.

Objectives: We proposed a pSIC scoring method and evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of the score in the diagnosis of SIC in children.

The clinical outcomes and biomarker features of severe sepsis/septic shock with severe neutropenia: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Severe sepsis/septic shock with severe neutropenia often leads to poor prognosis. However, it is unknown if severe neutropenia is associated with different clinical outcomes and biomarker features in severe sepsis/septic patients.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled 141 severe sepsis/septic shock patients admitted to intensive care unit of Shanghai Children's Medical Center between January 2015 and November 2019.

Artificial intelligence-assisted reduction in patients' waiting time for outpatient process: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Many studies suggest that patient satisfaction is significantly negatively correlated with the waiting time. A well-designed healthcare system should not keep patients waiting too long for an appointment and consultation. However, in China, patients spend notable time waiting, and the actual time spent on diagnosis and treatment in the consulting room is comparatively less.

Peg-Asparaginase-Associated Pancreatitis in Chemotherapy-Treated Pediatric Patients: A 5-Year Retrospective Study.

Background: Asparaginase-associated pancreatitis (AAP) is one of the most common complications occurring in patients with asparaginase-treated acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Peg-asparaginase (peg-asp), a chemically recombined asparaginase with lower hyposensitivity and better patient tolerance, is now approved as the first line asparaginase formulation in ALL chemotherapy regimens. Due to the differences in pharmacokinetic characteristics and administration procedure between l-asp and peg-asp, this study aimed to investigate the clinical manifestations of peg-asp-associated pancreatitis.

Impact of viral coinfection and macrolide-resistant mycoplasma infection in children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.

Background: Cases of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia have been increasing recently; however, whether viral coinfection or macrolide-resistant M. infection contribute to the development of refractory M. pneumoniae pneumonia remains unclear.

Nutritional survey in critically ill children: a single center study in China.

Background: The incidence of malnutrition in children, who were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), has kept high level over the past 30 years. In addition, nutrition status of critically ill children deteriorates further during the changing of their conditions and may have a negative effect on patients' outcomes. This study aimed to determine the nutritional status of critically ill children and to survey current nutrition practices and support in PICU.

The effect of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation or airway pressure release ventilation on children with acute respiratory distress syndrome as a rescue therapy.

Background: To investigate the effects of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) or airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) as a rescue therapy on children with moderate and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 47 children with ARDS who were transitioned from synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) to either HFOV or APRV for 48 h or longer after failure of SIMV. The parameters of demographic data, arterial blood gases, ventilator settings, oxygenation index (OI), and PaO/FiO (PF) ratio during the first 48 h of HFOV and APRV were recorded.

Respiratory Variations in Aortic Blood Flow to Predict Volume Responsiveness in Ventilated Children With Leukemia and Neutropenic Septic Shock.

Objectives: To investigate whether respiratory variations in aortic blood flow by echocardiography can accurately predict volume responsiveness in ventilated children with leukemia and neutropenic septic shock.

Design: A prospective study.

Setting: A 25-bed PICU of a tertiary hospital.

Identification of etiologic agents and clinical characteristics for patients suspected of having pertussis in a large Children's Hospital in China.

Background: In China, pertussis is a major health problem with an increasing incidence despite immunization efforts. Timely and accurate diagnosis is essential for the optimal management of pertussis, especially in severe cases.

Methods: Nasopharyngeal swabs or sputum specimens were obtained from patients suspected of having pertussis on the day of hospitalization at Shanghai Children's Medical Center from December 01, 2016, to November 30, 2017.

Postoperative Risk Factors and Outcome of Patients With Liver Transplantation Who Were Admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A 10-Year Single-Center Review in China.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to present our 10-year experience of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) management with pediatric liver recipients and to understand the importance of close interdisciplinary cooperation in 2 hospitals.

Methods: A retrospective chart review study was performed according to our hospital's medical records and the pediatric liver transplant database of Renji hospital.

Results: A total of 767 patients received liver transplantation (LT) performed in Renji hospital between October 2006 and December 2016, of which 97 of them were admitted to PICU in our center for various complications developed after transplantation.

The prognostic value of left ventricular systolic function and cardiac biomarkers in pediatric severe sepsis.

Echocardiography and cardiac biomarkers, such as cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) are useful tools to evaluate cardiac dysfunction. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) is common in pediatric severe sepsis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic value of LVSD, cTnI, and NT-pro BNP for pediatric severe sepsis.

A child diagnosed with rigid spine syndrome complicated by ventilatory disorders: a nursing case report.

Rigid spine syndrome is a rare myopathy in children and has a poor prognosis because of its lack of treatment and eventual ventilatory failure. We report the case of a 10-year-old child with RSS and ventilatory disorders. We provided care to the child using bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) non-invasive mechanical ventilation and continuous monitoring of transcutaneous carbon dioxide pressure.

Therapeutic inhibition of CXC chemokine receptor 2 by SB225002 attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice.

Introduction: Sustained neutrophilic infiltration is known to contribute to organ damage, such as acute lung injury (ALI). CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) is the major receptor regulating inflammatory neutrophil recruitment in acute and chronic inflamed tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional relevance of the CXCR2 inhibitor SB225002 in LPS-induced acute lung injury.

Prognostic factors and outcome of patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation who are admitted to pediatric intensive care unit.

Background: There are many studies about the prognosis and possible predictive factors of mortality for pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients requiring pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) treatment, but the related study in China is lacking. This study investigates the data of these special patients in our center.

Methods: This retrospective analysis is based on data from bone marrow center and PICU of our hospital.

Heparin defends against the toxicity of circulating histones in sepsis.

Although circulating histones were demonstrated as major mediators of death in septic mice models, their roles in septic patients are not clarified. The present study sought to evaluate the clinical relevance of the circulating histone levels in septic children, and the antagonizing effects of heparin on circulating histones. Histone levels in the plasma of septic children were significantly higher than healthy controls, and positively correlated with disease severity.

Effect of etanercept on refractory systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Background: Treatment of systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (So-JIA) is challenging, and the efficacy of injectable recombinant human tumor necrosis factor type 1 receptor-antibody fusion protein (etanercept) on So-JIA has been controversial.

Methods: We retrospectively studied 12 patients with refractory systemic juvenile arthritis treated with etanercept at our hospital in the past 5 years. The 12 patients were divided into a corticosteroid-dependent group (n=7) and an ineffective group (n=5) on the basis of their responses to treatment before the administration of etanercept.

22q11.2 Microduplication in a patient with 19p13.12-13.13 deletion.

Background: The chromosome 22q11.2 region microduplication has been described in patients with variable phenotypes. Here we present a 3-month-old girl with both 22q11.

Effect of thymectomy on cellular immune function.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of thymectomy during open heart surgery on immunological function of T lymphocytes in the treatment of children with congenital heart disease (CHD). No significant difference was found in the sjTREC level between pre-thymectomy and post- thymectomy in the non-thymectomy group and the small partial resection group (P>0.05) However, the sjTREC level decreased from the pre-surgical level at 1 month (P<0.