Microbial community changes at a terrestrial volcanic CO2 vent induced by soil acidification and anaerobic microhabitats within the soil column.

CO2 capture and storage (CCS) in deep geological formations is one option currently evaluated to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, the impact of a possible CO2 leakage from a storage site into surface environments has to be evaluated. During such a hypothetical leakage event, the CO2 migrates upwards along fractures entering surface soils, a scenario similar to naturally occurring CO2 vents.

Hopanoid production by Desulfovibrio bastinii isolated from oilfield formation water.

Hopanoids are important lipid components of many bacterial groups and are therefore ubiquitous in soils, sediments, and rocks. Until recently, it was believed that the synthesis of hopanoids is restricted to at least microaerophilic bacteria and consequently geological findings of hopanoids were used as an indication for oxygenated settings. Recent studies, however, demonstrated the biosynthesis of hopanoids under strictly anoxic conditions by a few bacterial groups, although their relevance is still unclear.

Biosynthesis of hopanoids by sulfate-reducing bacteria (genus Desulfovibrio).

Sulfate reduction accounts for about a half of the remineralization of organic carbon in anoxic marine shelf regions. Moreover, it was already a major microbial process in the very early ocean at least 2.4 billion years before the present.