Human factors methods in the design of digital decision support systems for population health: a scoping review.

Background: While Human Factors (HF) methods have been applied to the design of decision support systems (DSS) to aid clinical decision-making, the role of HF to improve decision-support for population health outcomes is less understood. We sought to comprehensively understand how HF methods have been used in designing digital population health DSS.

Materials And Methods: We searched English documents published in health sciences and engineering databases (Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, Scopus, Comendex, Inspec, IEEE Xplore) between January 1990 and September 2023 describing the development, validation or application of HF principles to decision support tools in population health.

Factors Influencing Trust in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems for Current Users.

Understanding the factors influencing trust in advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) may help inform training and education to support appropriate use. We surveyed 369 drivers with experience using both adaptive cruise control (ACC) and lane keeping assist (LKA). The survey included questions to assess trust in ADAS, along with objective knowledge about ADAS limitations, self-reported understanding of ADAS, familiarity with technology, propensity to trust technology, and demographics.

Exploring the Behaviour Change Wheel and the Theoretical Domains Framework in interventions for mobile phone driver distraction: A scoping review.

Mobile phone use while driving remains a significant traffic safety concern. Although numerous interventions have been developed to address it, there is a gap in the synthesis of relevant information through a comprehensive behaviour change lens. This scoping review uses the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to examine the literature to (a) identify behavioural constructs targeted in interventions for mobile phone use while driving, (b) determine if the intervention success varied by sociodemographic group (e.

Drowsiness Mitigation Through Driver State Monitoring Systems: A Scoping Review.

Objective: To explore the scope of available research and to identify research gaps on in-vehicle interventions for drowsiness that utilize driver monitoring systems (DMS).

Background: DMS are gaining popularity as a countermeasure against drowsiness. However, how these systems can be best utilized to guide driver attention is unclear.

A Vehicle Simulation Study Examining the Effects of System Interface Design Elements on Performance in Different Vibration Environments Below 3 Hz.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between system interface elements' design features and interaction performance in simulated vehicle vibration environments.

Background: Touch screens have been widely used in vehicle information systems, but few studies have focused on the decline of touchscreen interaction performance and task load increase when driving on unpaved roads.

Method: The interaction performance (reaction time and task accuracy rate) with vibration frequencies below 3 Hz (1.

Preface to the Special Issue on Assessment and Effectiveness of Driver Monitoring Systems.

With vehicle automation becoming more commonplace, the role of the human driver is shifting from that of system operator to that of system supervisor. With this shift comes the risk of drivers becoming more disengaged from the task of supervising the system functioning, thus increasing the need for technology to keep drivers alert. This special issue includes the most up-to-date research on how drivers use vehicle automation, and the safety risks it may pose.

Cell phone-related driver distraction: Habits predict behavior over and above the theory of planned behavior variables.

Introduction: Habits have often been overlooked in studies investigating cell phone-related driver distractions. This paper examines the association between habits and cell phone-related driver distractions within a mediation model based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Additionally, it explores potential differences in behaviors across urban and rural driving environments and between males and females.

Targeting young driver emotions can reduce their cellphone distractions.

Objective: This study sought to evaluate the relationship between young drivers' intention to engage in cellphone distractions while driving and their emotions towards the associated risks. First, we assessed whether the emotions of guilt, shame, and fear are associated with young drivers' intention to engage in cellphone distractions, through an extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model. Second, we evaluated whether road signs that may evoke these negative emotions reduce cellphone use intentions among young drivers.

Drivers don't need to learn all ADAS limitations: A comparison of limitation-focused and responsibility-focused training approaches.

Expecting drivers to learn and remember numerous limitations may not be a practical approach to training for advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), particularly for self-initiated training in the absence of formal training requirements. One alternative is focusing on the importance of the driver remaining engaged in the driving task (responsibility-focused approach). We investigated the effects of two training videos (responsibility-focused and limitation-focused) on reliance intention, trust, and ADAS knowledge.

Human factors applications in the design of decision support systems for population health: a scoping review.

Introduction: Public health professionals engage in complex cognitive tasks, often using evidence-based decision support tools to bolster their decision-making. Human factors methods take a user-centred approach to improve the design of systems, processes, and interfaces to better support planning and decision-making. While human factors methods have been applied to the design of clinical health tools, these methods are limited in the design of tools for population health.

Hey, watch where you're going! An on-road study of driver scanning failures towards pedestrians and cyclists.

The safety of Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs), such as pedestrians and cyclists, is a serious public health concern, especially at urban intersections. A major reason for vehicle-VRU collisions is driver attentional errors. Prior studies suggest that cross-modal transportation experiences (e.

Anticipatory Driving in Automated Vehicles: The Effects of Driving Experience and Distraction.

Objective: To understand the influence of driving experience and distraction on drivers' anticipation of upcoming traffic events in automated vehicles.

Background: In nonautomated vehicles, experienced drivers spend more time looking at cues that indicate upcoming traffic events compared with novices, and distracted drivers spend less time looking at these cues compared with nondistracted drivers. Further, pre-event actions (i.

Knowledge of and trust in advanced driver assistance systems.

Understanding what drivers know about state-of-the-art advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), like adaptive cruise control (ACC) and lane keeping assistance (LKA) is important because such knowledge can influence trust in and reliance on the automation. We surveyed ADAS owners (N = 102) and non-owners (N = 262), with the primary objective of assessing knowledge and trust of ACC and LKA, and investigating the relationship between knowledge and trust among drivers who have not received special training. The survey contained demographic questions, ACC and LKA knowledge questionnaires (assessing knowledge of capabilities and limitations commonly found in owner's manuals), and ACC and LKA trust ratings.

Searching for Street Parking: Effects on Driver Vehicle Control, Workload, Physiology, and Glances.

Urban areas that allow street parking exhibit a heightened crash risk that is often attributed to factors such as reduced road width, decreased visibility, and interruptions to traffic flow. No previous on-road studies have investigated how the demands of searching for parking affect driving performance, physiology, and visual attention allocation. We are interested in these effects on the driver and their possible influence on the safety of the environment.

In-vehicle displays to support driver anticipation of traffic conflicts in automated vehicles.

Objective: This paper investigates the effectiveness of in-vehicle displays in supporting drivers' anticipation of traffic conflicts in automated vehicles (AVs).

Background: Providing takeover requests (TORs) along with information on automation capability (AC) has been found effective in supporting AV drivers' reactions to traffic conflicts. However, it is unclear what type of information can support drivers in anticipating traffic conflicts, so they can intervene (pre-event action) or prepare to intervene (pre-event preparation) proactively to avert them.

The effect of intraoperative distractions on severe technical events in laparoscopic bariatric surgery.

Background: Given the complexity of the operating room (OR), it is unsurprising that surgeons frequently feel distracted while performing operative tasks. However, this relationship is not well studied in live surgeries. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between intraoperative distractions and technical events using surgical data.

The Influence of Visual-Manual Distractions on Anticipatory Driving.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate how anticipatory driving is influenced by distraction.

Background: The anticipation of future events in traffic can allow potential gains in recognition and response times. Anticipatory actions (i.

Mitigating Teen Driver Distraction: In-Vehicle Feedback Based on Peer Social Norms.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of in-vehicle feedback based on peer social norms in mitigating teen driver distraction.

Background: Distraction is a significant problem among teen drivers. Research into the use of in-vehicle technologies to mitigate this issue has been limited.

Eye glances towards conflict-relevant cues: the roles of anticipatory competence and driver experience.

Objective: This paper analyzes the effects of anticipatory competence and driver experience on glance patterns towards visual cues that indicate conflict situations.

Background: Prior research has shown that experienced drivers' visual scanning patterns differ from those of novices. Experienced drivers are less erratic and more systematic in their monitoring of the environment.

The effect of cognitive distraction on perception-response time to unexpected abrupt and gradually onset roadway hazards.

Objective: A driving simulator study was conducted to investigate the effect of cognitive distraction on different stages of perception-response time (saccade latency, processing time, and movement time) to unexpected roadway hazards, both when the hazard onset is abrupt and when it is gradual.

Background: Prior studies, which typically focus on overall response times, have demonstrated that distraction, including cognitive distraction, leads to an increase in response times. Studies have also shown that response times differ depending on the type and location of the hazard.

Voluntary- and Involuntary-Distraction Engagement: An Exploratory Study of Individual Differences.

Objective The aim of this study was to explore individual differences in voluntary and involuntary driver-distraction engagement. Background Distractions may stem from intentional engagement in secondary tasks (voluntary) or failing to suppress non-driving-related stimuli or information (involuntary). A wealth of literature has examined voluntary distraction; involuntary distraction is not particularly well understood.

Designing feedback to mitigate teen distracted driving: A social norms approach.

Objective: The purpose of this research is to investigate teens' perceived social norms and whether providing normative information can reduce distracted driving behaviors among them.

Background: Parents are among the most important social referents for teens; they have significant influences on teens' driving behaviors, including distracted driving which significantly contributes to teens' crash risks. Social norms interventions have been successfully applied in various domains including driving; however, this approach is yet to be explored for mitigating driver distraction among teens.

Effects of Nested Interruptions on Task Resumption: A Laboratory Study With Intensive Care Nurses.

Objective: Interruptions to secondary tasks resulting in multiple tasks to resume may tax working memory. The objective of this research is to study such interruptions experienced by intensive care unit (ICU) nurses.

Background: ICU nurses are frequently interrupted, resulting in a switch from primary to secondary tasks.

Supporting anticipation in driving through attentional and interpretational in-vehicle displays.

Objective: This paper evaluates two different types of in-vehicle interfaces to support anticipation in driving: one aids attention allocation and the other aids interpretation of traffic in addition to attention allocation.

Background: Anticipation is a competency that has been shown to facilitate safety and eco-driving through the efficient positioning of a vehicle for probable, upcoming changes in traffic. This competency has been shown to improve with driving experience.