Scoping study of definitions of social participation: update and co-construction of an interdisciplinary consensual definition.

Background: considering the importance of social participation for quality of life and active ageing in older adults, it is an important target of social and health professionals' interventions. A previous review of definitions of social participation in older adults included articles up to 2009; new publications and changes in the social context (e.g.

Scoping study of definitions and instruments measuring vulnerability in older adults.

Background: It is important to foster social participation and health equity, especially for older adults in situations of vulnerability. Despite growing interest in vulnerability, there is no consensus regarding how to define or measure this concept. This paper provides an inventory and synthesis of definitions of and instruments measuring vulnerability in older adults.

First-trimester miscarriage rate decreases with hydralazine therapy in pregnancies with early uterine vascular insufficiency: a cohort study.

Background: Miscarriage is the most frequent cause of pregnancy loss, affecting 15-20% of clinically recognized pregnancies. Early uterine vascular insufficiency (EUVI), defined as abnormal uterine artery (UA) Doppler impedance indices in early pregnancy, is present in two-thirds of pregnancies ending in miscarriage after embryonic cardiac activity has been detected. There is currently no available therapy for reducing the risk of miscarriage in these cases.

Engineering the Yeast for the Production of L-(+)-Ergothioneine.

L-(+)-Ergothioneine (ERG) is an unusual, naturally occurring antioxidant nutraceutical that has been shown to help reduce cellular oxidative damage. Humans do not biosynthesise ERG, but acquire it from their diet; it exploits a specific transporter (SLC22A4) for its uptake. ERG is considered to be a nutraceutical and possible vitamin that is involved in the maintenance of health, and seems to be at too low a concentration in several diseases .

The Transcriptome and Flux Profiling of Crabtree-Negative Hydroxy Acid-Producing Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reveals Changes in the Central Carbon Metabolism.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) is the yeast cell factory of choice for the production of many biobased chemicals. However, it is a Crabtree-positive yeast and so shuttles a large portion of carbon into ethanol.

Depression and quality of life in a community-based glaucoma-screening project.

Objective: To identify the prevalence and risk factors of depression among individuals given a glaucoma-related diagnosis at a screening program.

Design: Cross-sectional community-based in a university hospital.

Participants: Volunteers from a community glaucoma-screening program.

Energy conserving thermoregulatory patterns and lower disease severity in a bat resistant to the impacts of white-nose syndrome.

The devastating bat fungal disease, white-nose syndrome (WNS), does not appear to affect all species equally. To experimentally determine susceptibility differences between species, we exposed hibernating naïve little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus) and big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) to the fungus that causes WNS, Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd). After hibernating under identical conditions, Pd lesions were significantly more prevalent and more severe in little brown myotis.

Temporal issues in person-organization fit, person-job fit and turnover: The role of leader-member exchange.

Person-environment fit has been found to have significant implications for employee attitudes and behaviors. Most research to date has approached person-environment fit as a static phenomenon, and without examining how different types of person-environment fit may affect each other. In particular, little is known about the conditions under which fit with one aspect of the environment influences another aspect, as well as subsequent behavior.

Accurate diagnosis of patients' distress levels: The effect of family physicians' ability to take the patient's perspective.

Objective: Previous research on diagnosis of distress among patients with physical ailments has focused on physicians who specialize in the treatment of chronic illness. This study explores family physicians' accuracy in diagnosing patients' emotional distress.

Methods: Questionnaires were administered to family physicians (N=61) and their patients (N=496) immediately after a medical encounter.

Some anatomical variation of paranasal sinuses using sinus endoscopic approach on "cadaver" in Isfahan, Iran.

Background: Due to the anatomical variations of the paranasal sinuses and its great importance in sinus surgery, as this area is in very close proximity to vital structures including the optic nerve, carotid artery, and skull base, anatomical knowledge of this area is of high importance. The purpose of this study is defining a full and clear impression of paranasal sinus anatomy and its variations as a model for the human population of the country.

Materials And Methods: This study was conducted on 45 cadavers in Isfahan forensic Medicine center during 2010 to 2011.

Stress, appraisal and work routine in wartime: do men and women differ?

Past research has devoted little attention to the role of work routine (i.e., adherence to a consistent pattern of attending work in a regular, predictable manner) in civilians' lives during wartime.

No Graphene Etching in Purified Hydrogen.

A systematic study has been conducted to investigate the role of hydrogen in the etching reaction of graphene films grown on copper foils. The results at 825 °C and 500 mTorr showed no evidence of graphene etching by purified ultrahigh purity (UHP)-grade hydrogen, whereas graphene films exposed to unpurified UHP-grade hydrogen were considerably etched due to the presence of oxygen or other oxidizing impurities. This finding reveals not only the major impact of oxidizing impurities in the graphene etching reaction, but also entails understanding and controlling the graphene chemical vapor deposition mechanism on copper substrates.

Aversive workplace conditions and absenteeism: taking referent group norms and supervisor support into account.

Past research reveals inconsistent findings regarding the association between aversive workplace conditions and absenteeism, suggesting that other, contextual factors may play a role in this association. Extending contemporary models of absence, we draw from the social identity theory of attitude-behavior relations to examine how peer absence-related norms and leader support combine to explain the effect of aversive workplace conditions on absenteeism. Using a prospective design and a random sample of transit workers, we obtained results indicating that perceived job hazards and exposure to critical incidents are positively related to subsequent absenteeism, but only under conditions of more permissive peer absence norms.

Job burnout and depression: unraveling their temporal relationship and considering the role of physical activity.

Job burnout and depression have been generally found to be correlated with one another. However, evidence regarding the job burnout-depression association is limited in that most studies are cross-sectional in nature. Moreover, little is known about factors that may influence the job burnout-depression association, other than individual or organizational factors (e.

Work-related risk factors and employee substance use: insights from a sample of Israeli blue-collar workers.

Although studies have found evidence that certain workplace conditions in North American enterprises may serve as risk factors for alcohol and illicit drug use, little is known regarding the generalizability of these findings to enterprises in other countries. To address this gap, we collected data from a random sample of 569 blue-collar workers employed in nine different facilities of one of Israel's largest manufacturing firms. The results of zero-inflated Poisson and ordered probit regressions partly confirmed earlier findings reported in North America, with a heightened rate of a substance use among those perceiving (a) more permissive drinking norms, (b) lower supervisor ability to handle substance use problems, (c) greater exposure to job hazards, and (d) lower levels of coworker interactions.

Alcohol consumption and workplace absenteeism: the moderating effect of social support.

Although it is commonly assumed that alcohol consumption has a significant impact on employee absenteeism, the nature of the alcohol-absence relationship remains poorly understood. Proposing that alcohol impairment likely serves as a key mechanism linking drinking and work absence, we posit that this relationship is likely governed less by the amount of alcohol consumed and more by the way it is consumed. Using a prospective study design and a random sample of urban transit workers, we found that the frequency of heavy episodic drinking over the previous month is positively associated with the number of days of absence recorded in the subsequent 12-month period, whereas modal consumption (a metric capturing the typical amount of alcohol consumed in a given period of time) is not.

Perceived Agency in Retirement and Retiree Drinking Behavior: Job Satisfaction as a Moderator.

Based on recent findings that post-retirement adjustment may be influenced by the conditions leading up to the decision to retire, we examine the impact of individual agency in the retirement decision on problematic drinking behavior, as well as the extent to which such an effect may itself depend upon the valence of the pre-retirement work experience. Using a sample of 304 blue-collar retirees, our findings indicate that, when controlling for pre-retirement drinking behavior, perceptions of retirement as the result of a more forced or involuntary decision are associated with greater alcohol consumption, while perceptions of retirement as the result of a more volitional or voluntary process are associated with lower levels of alcohol consumption and a lower risk of problematic drinking behavior. Our results also indicate that pre-retirement job satisfaction amplifies the former relationship, while attenuating the latter one.

Infectivity of Leishmania mexicana is associated with differential expression of protein kinase C-like triggered during a cell-cell contact.

Mammalian host cell invasion by Leishmania is a complex process in which various parasite and host cell components interact, triggering the activation of signaling cascades in both cells. Little is known regarding PKC biological functions in Leishmania sp. during parasite-macrophage interaction.

[The effectiveness and safety of sparfloxacine in combined therapy for tuberculosis].

The effectiveness and safety of the difluoroquinolone sparflo (sparfloxacine) used in combined therapy for drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis were studied. Clinical trials were carried out in 60 patients with severe pulmonary tuberculosis. The more effective combinations of sparfo and other antituberculous drugs were determined.

[Clinical, X-ray, and bacteriological features of drug-resistant tuberculosis].

The data on 1400 patients with first diagnosed drug-resistant tuberculosis, who were followed up in 2000-2005, have been used to analyze the causes of and factors predisposing to the development of clinical, X-ray, and bacteriological features of drug-resistant tuberculosis. The prevalence of its clinical forms with a rapid progression of the process, with complications, comorbidity, the high frequency of multidrug resistance, total resistance, and massiveness and duration of bacterial isolation, which are commonly observed in socially dysadapted patients in incompliance of appropriate treatment regimens, is shown to determine a great epidemic danger. These features should be taken into account on developing and implementing the appropriate measures in both tuberculosis facilities and general hospitals.

Fine measurement of ergosterol requirements for growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during alcoholic fermentation.

Yeasts can incorporate a wide variety of exogenous sterols under strict anaerobiosis. Yeasts normally require oxygen for growth when exogenous sterols are limiting, as this favours the synthesis of lipids (sterols and unsaturated fatty acids). Although much is known about the oxygen requirements of yeasts during anaerobic growth, little is known about their exact sterol requirements in such conditions.

[Contribution of the laboratory to the epidemiologic study of bacterial infections].

The laboratory plays a significant role in the epidemiologic investigations by the comparative analysis of the bacterial strains involved in the outbreaks. Recently, the use of molecular analysis methods provided better performance than traditional phenotypic methods which are still used as preliminary tests because of their relatively low cost and technical simplicity. These analyses deal with either the whole chromosome of the bacterium, plasmids or particular genes.

Cortisol, glucose and hematocrit changes during acute stress, cohort sampling, and the diel cycle in diploid and triploid brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill).

In this study, groups of diploid (control) and triploid brook trout were subjected to a 5 min acute handling/confinement stress. Blood samples were collected from equal numbers of diploid and triploid fish at regular predetermined intervals, beginning prior to confinement and continuing for up to 3h after confinement. These blood samples were used for the measurement of hematocrit and plasma cortisol and glucose concentrations.