Grey Wolf () Recolonization in Hungary: Does the Predation Risk Affect the Red Deer () Population?

The populations and distribution areas of large carnivores have declined all over the world due to extirpation and habitat alteration and degradation. However, the grey wolf () has recovered in Europe in recent decades and has been reappearing in Hungary since the 1990s. Since the dominant prey of this carnivore is the red deer () and the wild boar () in Central and Eastern Europe, we aimed to study the impact of wolves on local deer populations.

Why do students drop out of regular sport in late adolescent? The experience of a systematic review.

Introduction: The positive impact of youth sport on physical, mental and social health has been highlighted in several research which reinforces further investigations concerning the reasons for dropout of athletes. As one of the most emergent difficulties in youth sports is to prevent athletes from dropping out, it is important to explore what factors play important part in this process. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers and challenges related to sport persistence and dropout.

Correction: Otgontamir et al. Assessing Changes in the Distribution Patterns of the European Wildcat in Hungary. 2024, , 785.

In the original publication [...

Assessing Changes in the Distribution Patterns of the European Wildcat in Hungary.

The European wildcat ( Schreber, 1777) is an endangered and elusive carnivore that is slowly recovering in Central Europe after persecution and a decline in its distribution over the past two centuries, and specific conservation plans are needed in most of its range. Knowledge of the continent-wide distribution and status of this species is still poor. Using an online questionnaire, we evaluated the nationwide distribution of wildcats across three time periods (2004, 2014, and 2022) in Hungary.

Surgical stress and cytoskeletal changes in lens epithelial cells following manual and femtosecond laser-assisted capsulotomy.

Aim: To study the effect of mechanical stress on the cytoskeleton in lens epithelial cells following conventional phacoemulsification surgery (CPS) and femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS).

Methods: The cytoskeleton of the epithelial cells of the anterior lens capsules (ALC) removed by CPS and FLACS was examined by immunohistochemistry. Expression of the intermediate filament, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and glutamine synthetase (GS) immunoreactivity were detected.

Cell death and survival following manual and femtosecond laser-assisted capsulotomy in age-related cataract.

Aim: To study molecular and morphological changes in lens epithelial cells following femtosecond laser-assisted and manually performed continuous curvilinear capsulotomy (CCC) in order to get information about these methods regarding their potential role in the induction of development of secondary cataract.

Methods: Anterior lens capsules (ALC) were removed from 40 patients with age-related cataract by manual CCC and by femtosecond laser-assisted capsulotomy (FLAC). Samples removed by manual CCC were assorted in group 1, FLAC samples were classified in group 2.

Ultrastructure of neurovascular changes in human diabetic retinopathy.

The previous concept regarding diabetic retinopathy assigned a primary role to hyperglycemia-induced microvascular alterations, while neuronal and glial abnormalities were considered to be secondary to either ischemia or exudation. The aim of this study was to reveal the potential role of neuronal and glial cells in initial and advanced alterations of the retinopathy in human type 2 diabetes. Electron microscopy and histochemical studies were performed on 38 surgically removed human eyes (28 obtained from diabetic patients and 10 from non-diabetic patients).

Subjective health expectations of patients with age-related macular degeneration treated with antiVEGF drugs.

Background: Subjective expectations regarding future health may influence patients' judgement of current health and treatment effects, as well as adherence to therapies in chronic diseases. We aimed to explore subjective expectations on longevity and future health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) treated with antiVEGF injections and analyse the influencing factors.

Methods: Consecutive AMD patients in two ophthalmology centres were included.

Ocular Delivery of PACAP1-27 Protects the Retina From Ischemic Damage in Rodents.

Purpose: Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is neuroprotective in neuronal injuries. Bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) causes chronic hypoperfusion-induced degeneration in the rat retina, where we proved the retinoprotective effect of intravitreal PACAP. Although this route of administration is a common clinical practice in several diseases, easier routes are clinically important.

Modeling long-term diabetes and related complications in rats.

Introduction: Accurate preclinical modeling of diabetic complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy is crucial to enable the development of novel preventative therapies. The aims of this study were to establish a model of long-term diabetes with sustained medium scale hyperglycemia and characterize the pathological changes detectable after 4months, with particular respect to dependence on the degree of hyperglycemia.

Methods: Streptozotocin-induced diabetic CFY rats were subjected to four different insulin substitution protocols to achieve different levels of glycemic control (Diabetic 1-4 groups).

Telemedical diabetic retinopathy screening in Hungary: a pilot programme.

Our aim was to introduce the Hungarian pilot telemedical screening program for diabetic retinopathy (DRP) and also to evaluate the efficacy of non-mydriatic fundus photographs. A total of 502 eyes of 251 diabetic patients were photographed with a non-mydriatic digital fundus camera in a tertiary diabetology care center. These three 45°-field images were transmitted to the reading center via Internet, where they were graded by two independent ophthalmologists.

Combined cataract surgery on a Marfan-syndrome patient (case report).

Combined cataract surgery of an ectopic lens was performed on a 10 years old girl with Marfan-syndrome. A Cionni capsular tension ring was implanted into the capsular bag, and the bag was pulled to its place and fixed with a scleral suture. Because of the young age of the patient a primary posterior capsulorhexis was performed, through which anterior vitrectomy was carried out and the artificial lens was implanted into the capsular bag.

Investigation of PACAP Fragments and Related Peptides in Chronic Retinal Hypoperfusion.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) has neuroprotective effects in different neuronal and retinal injuries. Retinal ischemia can be effectively modelled by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO), which causes chronic hypoperfusion-induced degeneration in the entire rat retina. The retinoprotective effect of PACAP 1-38 and VIP is well-established in ischemic retinopathy.

PACAP improves functional outcome in excitotoxic retinal lesion: an electroretinographic study.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its receptors occur throughout the nervous system, including the retina. PACAP exerts diverse actions in the eye: it influences ocular blood flow, contraction of the ciliary muscle, and has retinoprotective effects. This has been proven in different models of retinal degeneration.

Effects of PACAP in UV-A radiation-induced retinal degeneration models in rats.

The retina is constantly exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light with different wavelengths, which may lead to chronic UV-induced retinal injury. In our previous studies, we have shown the protective effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) in toxic and ischemic retinal injuries. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of PACAP in UV-A-induced retinal lesion.

Spectroscopic study of explanted opacified hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses.

Purpose: To report a detailed spectroscopic analysis of explanted hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) that were removed because of postoperative opacification of the lens optic.

Methods: Thirteen Hydroview H60M (Bausch & Lomb Surgical) IOLs were explanted from 13 different patients on average 56 months after phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. All patients had decreased visual acuity because of a fine granularity of the optical surface of the IOLs.

Foveal and perifoveal retinal thickness measured by OCT in diabetic patients after phacoemulsification cataract surgery.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to measure the change of the foveal and perifoveal thickness of the retina in diabetic patients after uneventful phacoemulsification and PC-IOL implantation.

Methods: Retinal thickness values of the foveal and perifoveal (fovea + 3.0 mm, fovea + 6.

Subjective visual sensations during cataract surgery performed under topical anaesthesia.

Purpose: To examine the patient's subjective visual sensations during cataract surgery performed under topical anaesthesia.

Methods: Prospective, non-randomized, cohort study. One hundred and thirty-two patients were interviewed by standard questionnaire within 1 hr of uncomplicated cataract surgery performed under topical anaesthesia.

Can macular translocation be a satisfactory management of subfoveal choroidal neovascular membrane?

Purpose: To report histopathological observations regarding one of our macular translocation cases.

Methods: We have performed macular translocation with 360 degree retinotomy since 1997, and limited macular translocation with or without subretinal membrane removal since 2002. One of our patients died on the fifth postoperative day, so extensive histological examination of the removed neovascular membrane and entire globe was performed.

Anterior segment changes with age and during accommodation measured with partial coherence interferometry.

Purpose: To evaluate anterior segment alterations with age and during accommodation in different age groups.

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.

Methods: Fifty-three subjects (101 normal eyes) were enrolled in this study and divided into 3 age groups: younger than 30 years (Group 1), between 31 years and 44 years (Group 2), and older than 45 years (Group 3).

Histological examination of primary posterior capsule plaques.

Purpose: To understand the source and evolution of the cellular elements of posterior capsule plaques.

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pécs, Hungary.

Methods: In 24 eyes of 24 patients, the primary fibrotic plaques were carefully peeled off the posterior capsule with forceps and sent for histological examination.

Change in intraocular pressure within 1 week of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation using Adatocel.

Purpose: To examine the change in intraocular pressure (IOP) within 1 week of phacoemulsification and foldable posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) implantation using Adatocel (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 2% [HPMC]).

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pécs, Hungary.

Methods: In this prospective study, the IOP in 118 eyes of 118 patients (57 men, 61 women, mean age 68 years +/- 7.

Accumulation of the hydroxyl free radical markers meta-, ortho-tyrosine and DOPA in cataractous lenses is accompanied by a lower protein and phenylalanine content of the water-soluble phase.

Post-translational modifications of lens proteins play a crucial role in the formation of cataract during ageing. The aim of our study was to analyze protein composition of the cataractous lenses by electrophoretic and high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods. Samples were obtained after extracapsular cataract surgery performed by phacoemulsification technique from cataract patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM CAT, n = 22) and cataract patients without diabetes (non-DM CAT, n = 20), while non-diabetic non-cataractous lenses obtained from cadaver eyes served as controls (CONTR, n = 17).