Electrocortical Profiles in Relation to Childhood Adversity and Depression Severity: A Preliminary Report.

Assessment of electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in depression has provided insights into neural profiles of the illness. However, there is limited understanding on how symptom severity and risk factors, such as childhood adversity, influence EEG features. Eyes-closed EEG was acquired in N = 28 depressed individuals being treated in a tertiary psychiatric setting.

DGCNN approach links metagenome-derived taxon and functional information providing insight into global soil organic carbon.

Metagenomics can provide insight into the microbial taxa present in a sample and, through gene identification, the functional potential of the community. However, taxonomic and functional information are typically considered separately in downstream analyses. We develop interpretable machine learning (ML) approaches for modelling metagenomic data, combining the biological representation of species with their associated genetically encoded functions within models.

Changes in reproductive, maternal, and child health in Haiti during the pre- and peri-COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: To assess changes in reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health (RMNCAH) in Haiti from August 2018 to September 2021, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A retrospective study using surveillance data from the Haitian Unique Health Information System, examining two periods: pre- and peri-COVID-19 pandemic. Health indicators at the national level in the two periods were compared using two-sample -tests for proportions, and average absolute monthly changes were calculated using variance-weighted regression.

Self-determination in minoritized autistic adolescents and adults.

Self-determination plays an important role in outcomes in autism and shows intersectional disparities. Yet, little is known about the role of individual differences or social drivers of health in the development of self-determination. Understanding these factors is key for developing effective supports.

Auditory P50 Sensory Gating Alterations in Major Depressive Disorder and their Relationship to Clinical Symptoms.

Cognitive deficits in depression are pervasive and include impairments in attention and higher-order functions but the degree to which low-level sensory processes are affected is unclear. The present work examined event-related potential (P50 and N100) features of auditory sensory gating (i.e.

Early Longitudinal Change in Heart Failure Health Status Following Initiation of Canagliflozin.

Background: Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) therapy improves health status in heart failure (HF). There is insufficient description regarding the timing, rate, and extent of the health status changes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) after initiation of SGLT2is.

Objectives: The authors sought to model the association of canagliflozin treatment with rates of change in HF symptom status in HFpEF and HFrEF.

Association Between Wearable Device Measured Activity and Patient-Reported Outcomes for Heart Failure.

Background: Wearable devices are increasingly used in research and clinical care though the relevance of their data in the context of validated outcomes remains unknown.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to characterize the relationship between smartwatch activity and patient-centered outcomes in patients with heart failure.

Methods: CHIEF-HF (Canagliflozin: Impact on Health Status, Quality of Life and Functional Status in Heart Failure) was a randomized-controlled clinical trial that enrolled participants with heart failure and a compatible smartphone.

Racial Differences in Quality of Life in Patients With Heart Failure Treated With Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors: A Patient-Level Meta-Analysis of the CHIEF-HF, DEFINE-HF, and PRESERVED-HF Trials.

Background: Health status outcomes, including symptoms, function, and quality of life, are worse for Black compared with White patients with heart failure. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) reduce cardiovascular mortality and improve health status in patients with heart failure, but whether the health status benefit of SGLT2is is similar across races is not established. The objective of this study was to compare the treatment effect of SGLT2is (versus placebo) on health status for Black compared with White patients with heart failure.

Recruitment Strategies of a Decentralized Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial: The Canagliflozin Impact on Health Status, Quality of Life and Functional Status in Heart Failure (CHIEF-HF) Trial.

Background: There has been growing Interest in patient-centered clinical trials using mobile technologies to reduce the need for in-person visits. The CHIEF-HF (Canagliflozin Impact on Health Status, Quality of Life and Functional Status in Heart Failure) trial was designed as a double-blind, randomized, fully decentralized clinical trial (DCT) that identified, consented, treated, and followed participants without any in-person visits. Patient-reported questionnaires were the primary outcome, which were collected by a mobile application.

The SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin in heart failure: the CHIEF-HF remote, patient-centered randomized trial.

Large traditional clinical trials suggest that sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors improve symptoms in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). In the midst of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic, we sought to confirm these benefits in a new type of trial that was patient centered and conducted in a completely remote fashion. In the CHIEF-HF trial ( NCT04252287 ), 476 participants with HF, regardless of EF or diabetes status, were randomized to 100 mg of canagliflozin or placebo.

Association of Recent Use of Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants With Intracranial Hemorrhage Among Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Treated With Alteplase.

Importance: Current guidelines recommend against use of intravenous alteplase in patients with acute ischemic stroke who are taking non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs).

Objective: To evaluate the safety and functional outcomes of intravenous alteplase among patients who were taking NOACs prior to stroke and compare outcomes with patients who were not taking long-term anticoagulants.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A retrospective cohort study of 163 038 patients with acute ischemic stroke either taking NOACs or not taking anticoagulants prior to stroke and treated with intravenous alteplase within 4.

The utility of laboratory testing for suspected hyperthyroidism in the emergency department.

Background: Given signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism are non-specific, thyroid studies may be completed to evaluate patients with vague complaints such as tachycardia in the emergency department (ED). We sought to determine how often a new diagnosis of hyperthyroidism was made in patients who underwent thyroid laboratory testing in the ED.

Objectives: The primary outcome of this study was a new diagnosis in the ED, or in the following 30 days, of hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxicosis following ED thyroid laboratory testing.

Novel Trial Design: CHIEF-HF.

Background: The expense of clinical trials mandates new strategies to efficiently generate evidence and test novel therapies. In this context, we designed a decentralized, patient-centered randomized clinical trial leveraging mobile technologies, rather than in-person site visits, to test the efficacy of 12 weeks of canagliflozin for the treatment of heart failure, regardless of ejection fraction or diabetes status, on the reduction of heart failure symptoms.

Methods: One thousand nine hundred patients will be enrolled with a medical record-confirmed diagnosis of heart failure, stratified by reduced (≤40%) or preserved (>40%) ejection fraction and randomized 1:1 to 100 mg daily of canagliflozin or matching placebo.

Efficacy of a centralized, blended electronic, and human intervention to improve direct oral anticoagulant adherence: Smartphones to improve rivaroxaban ADHEREnce in atrial fibrillation (SmartADHERE) a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Improving adherence to direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) is challenging, and simple text messaging reminders have not been effective.

Methods: SmartADHERE was a randomized trial that tested a personalized digital and human direct oral anticoagulant adherence intervention compared to usual care. Eligibility required age ≥ 18, newly-prescribed (≤90 days) rivaroxaban for atrial fibrillation (AF), 1 of 4 at-risk criteria for nonadherence, and a smartphone.

Single, Repeated, and Maintenance Ketamine Infusions for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

(Reprinted with permission from 2019; 176:401-409).

Better accuracy and reproducibility of a new robotically-assisted system for total knee arthroplasty compared to conventional instrumentation: a cadaveric study.

Purpose: Robotically-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been shown to improve alignment and decrease outliers, an important goal in TKA procedures. The purpose of this cadaveric study was to compare the accuracy and reproducibility of a recently introduced TKA robotic system to conventional instrumentation for bone resections.

Methods: This cadaveric study compared 14 robotically-assisted TKA with 20 conventional TKAs.

Infective Endocarditis of the Aortic Valve Complicated by Aorta-To-Pulmonary Artery Fistula.

• Aortopulmonary fistulas in IE are a cause of aorta–to–pulmonary connections. • Other causes include PDA and ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm. • Continuous flow is seen in modified views of the pulmonary artery.

[Foundations for the development and implementation of a women's and perinatal health information model for management in Latin AmericaFundamentos do desenvolvimento e implementação de um modelo de informação em saúde da materna e perinatal orientado à gestão na América Latina].

Objective: The Perinatal Information System (SIP) represents a milestone in the use of systematized information in the Region of the Americas. What has been learned from the system has contributed to the development of a model based on a set of core indicators (SCI). The objective of the study was to describe the historical and methodological process involved in the development, implementation, and territorial scaling-up of an SCI to monitor and evaluate women's and perinatal health policies, programs, and services geared to management (SIP-GESTIÓN).

Single, Repeated, and Maintenance Ketamine Infusions for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Subanesthetic ketamine doses have been shown to have rapid yet transient antidepressant effects in patients with treatment-resistant depression, which may be prolonged by repeated administration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antidepressant effects of a single ketamine infusion, a series of repeated ketamine infusions, and prolongation of response with maintenance infusions.

Methods: Forty-one participants with treatment-resistant depression completed a single-site randomized double-blind crossover comparison of single infusions of ketamine and midazolam (an active placebo control).

Prevention of Bleeding in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing PCI.

Background: In patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with placement of stents, standard anticoagulation with a vitamin K antagonist plus dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with a P2Y inhibitor and aspirin reduces the risk of thrombosis and stroke but increases the risk of bleeding. The effectiveness and safety of anticoagulation with rivaroxaban plus either one or two antiplatelet agents are uncertain.

Methods: We randomly assigned 2124 participants with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation who had undergone PCI with stenting to receive, in a 1:1:1 ratio, low-dose rivaroxaban (15 mg once daily) plus a P2Y inhibitor for 12 months (group 1), very-low-dose rivaroxaban (2.

Weight Status and DSM-5 Diagnoses of Eating Disorders in Adolescents From the Community.

Objective: To estimate jointly the point prevalence of weight and eating disorders in a community sample of adolescents; to investigate psychosocial correlates of thinness, overweight, and obesity, and of full- and subthreshold eating disorders (EDs); and to examine the relationships between weight status and prevalence of EDs.

Method: A total of 3,043 Canadian adolescents (1,254 males and 1,789 females; mean age = 14.19 years, SD = 1.

Strengthening public health laboratory capacity in Thailand for International Health Regulations (IHR) (2005).

Introduction: Thailand conducted a national laboratory assessment of core capacities related to the International Health Regulations (IHR) (2005), and thereby established a baseline to measure future progress. The assessment was limited to public laboratories found within the Thai Bureau of Quality and Safety of Food, National Institute of Health and regional medical science centres.

Methods: The World Health Organization (WHO) laboratory assessment tool was adapted to Thailand through a participatory approach.

Lessons learned from influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic response in Thailand.

In 2009, Thailand experienced rapid spread of the pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. The national response came under intense public scrutiny as the number of confirmed cases and associated deaths increased. Thus, during July-December 2009, the Ministry of Public Health and the World Health Organization jointly reviewed the response efforts.