Laryngoscopic Examination During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Turkish Voice Speech and Swallowing Disorders Society and Turkish Professional Voice Society Recommendations.

COVID-19 is highly transmissible and spreads rapidly in the population. This increases the occupational risk for health care workers. In otolaryngology clinic practice, patients with upper respiratory tract infection symptoms are common.

Principles of Subglottic and Tracheal Visualization with Transnasal Flexible Laryngoscopy.

Objective: The subglottic area and trachea are important parts of the upper airway, and can be visualized easily using transnasal flexible laryngoscopy (TFL). The aim of this study was to develop a clinical grading system to assist in documentation of the subglottic area and trachea with TFL, and to demonstrate the basic principles of visualization of these anatomic areas as a laryngology practice.

Methods: The TFL videos of 100 randomized patients were evaluated by three laryngologists.

Analysis of Age-Related Differences of Risk Factors and Comorbidities in Laryngotracheal Stenosis Patients.

Laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) is a life threatening airway problem that is mainly caused by prolonged intubation. The authors intend to assess whether there was variability in the risk factors depending on age, and to determine which risk factors and comorbidities were more important in the development of LTS at older or younger ages. Fifty-two LTS patients were evaluated for comorbidities and risk factors retrospectively.

The Effect of Obesity on Transnasal Flexible Laryngoscopy.

Objective: Transnasal flexible laryngoscopy (TFL) is a practical and cost-effective procedure, allowing excellent evaluation of the upper airway with minimal risk of complications. The effect of obesity on endoscopic examination still remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine if obesity has an effect on TFL.

Optimal Position for Transnasal Flexible Laryngoscopy.

Objective: Transnasal flexible laryngoscopy (TFL) is a simple, safe, and cost-effective procedure. TFL is routinely performed to awake patients in a sitting position but there is no a definite data about ideal head and neck position to be applied. The aim of this study is to determine which position is most appropriate to obtain the best laryngeal view during the TFL.

Does Pepsin Play a Role in Etiology of Laryngeal Nodules?

Objectives: Vocal fold nodules (VFNs) are benign disorders affecting the superficial lamina propria of the true vocal folds. The etiology of VFNs still remains unclear but laryngeal trauma caused by vocal abuse, tobacco, alcohol, and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) plays a crucial role on the pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of pepsin in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FEPE) specimens of VFNs to evaluate the role of LPR as a risk factor for VFNs.

A Grading System for Transnasal Flexible Laryngoscopy.

Objective: Transnasal flexible laryngoscopy (TFL) is becoming more popular in laryngology clinical practice. There has not been any grading system for TFL to help the physician document and communicate the laryngeal view yet. In this study, we aimed to classify the laryngeal view based on the visualization of the glottic aperture with TFL performed on conscious patients.

Three Cases of Relapsing Polycondritis with Isolated Laryngotracheal Stenosis.

Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare autoimmune and inflammatory disease, particularly characterized by recurrent inflammation of the hyaline cartilage. Laryngotracheal involvement in RP is the most serious complication that is observed in 50% of the patients and may lead to a life-threatening condition. The most common cause of death is laryngotracheal stenosis associated with lung infections or severe respiratory insufficiency that may be observed in 10%-50% of the patients.

Effects of Nasal Obstruction due to Nasal Polyposis on Nasal Resonance and Voice Perception.

Objective: The aim of this study was to use subjective and objective methods to investigate the effects of total or nearly total nasal obstruction due to nasal polyposis on nasal resonance and voice perception.

Patients And Methods: A total of 63 nasal polyposis patients (53 men and 10 women), aged between 19 and 72 years (mean age 37.01 ± 13.

Surgical Management of Dysphagia Due to Anterior Cervical Osteophytes.

Purpose: The present study was performed to share personal experiences and to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of anterior cervical osteophytes surgical procedures.

Methods: The operative records of anterior cervical osteophytes patients who did not benefit from conventional treatments and underwent osteophytectomy were analyzed retrospectively. Transoral and transcervical anterolateral methods were applied, considering both the localization of the osteophyte and the patient's preference.

The Practicability of Transnasal Esophagoscopy and the Evaluation of Patient's Perception: A Prospective Study.

Objectives: Transnasal esophagoscopy (TNE) is a relatively new diagnostic procedure in the evaluation of patients with globus sensation and dysphagia. Enabling doctors to examine all of the upper aerodigestive system without the need for sedation, this technique is becoming more popular among otolaryngology specialists. The aim of this study is to evaluate the practicability of TNE and tolerability of patients to the test.

Impact of unilateral carbon dioxide laser posterior transverse cordotomy on vocal and aerodynamic parameters in bilateral vocal fold paralysis.

Objectives: Carbon dioxide laser posterior transverse cordotomy is a common option for bilateral vocal fold paralysis. This study prospectively evaluated aerodynamic and acoustic effects of unilateral carbon dioxide laser posterior transverse cordotomy in bilateral vocal fold paralysis patients.

Methods: The study comprised 11 bilateral vocal fold paralysis patients (9 females, 2 males), with a mean age of 46.

Impact of patient-related factors on the outcomes of office-based injection laryngoplasty.

Objectives/hypothesis: In-office percutaneous injection laryngoplasty (IL) is a common treatment for glottal insufficiency. The objective of this prospective study was to determine if voice outcomes from IL are affected by age, gender, or initial disease severity.

Study Design: Prospective case series.

Do Pharyngeal Surgeries for Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Have an Impact on Nasalance Scores?

Objective: Most of the surgeries which are used in the treatment of habitual snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) mainly target velopharyngeal structures, which play an important role in voice characteristics such as nasalance. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of different types of such surgical procedures including expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty (ESP), lateral pharyngoplasty (LP), and anterior palatoplasty (AP) on nasalance scores.

Subjects And Methods: Forty-nine consecutive patients with primary snoring or OSA who underwent AP, LP, and ESP procedures were included in this study.

Airway and Respiration Parameters Improve Following Vocal Fold Medialization: A Prospective Study.

Objectives/hypothesis: Laryngeal medialization procedures such as injection laryngoplasty (IL) and thyroplasty type 1 (TT1) are standard techniques for the treatment of glottic insufficiency related to unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP). These procedures reliably improve the voice and may also improve swallowing function. Despite the association of laryngeal paralysis with airway regulation, there is little published on the effect of UVFP and its surgical treatment on respiration.

Submandibular triangle masses.

Objective: The study aims to analyze the demographic data of a large case series operated on because of submandibular triangle mass for more than 10 years and presents a review of the literature.

Materials And Methods: The charts of patients who underwent surgical intervention for submandibular triangle mass between January 2000 and November 2010 were reviewed. The medical history, age, sex, duration of symptoms, clinical presentation, preoperative investigations, and histopathologic diagnosis were reviewed.

Prospective study of voice outcomes and patient tolerance of in-office percutaneous injection laryngoplasty.

Objectives/hypothesis: In-office percutaneous injection laryngoplasty is a common treatment for glottal insufficiency. Our objective was to prospectively study voice outcomes and patient tolerance of the procedure.

Study Design: Prospective case series.

Nasalance scores for normal-speaking Turkish population.

Objective: The aim of this study was to obtain normative nasalance scores for adult and children subjects speaking Turkish language and obtain a reference for normality when nasality is evaluated.

Methods: Mean nasalance scores were obtained from 35 normal-speaking children aged 7 to 13 years, and 125 adults aged 18 to 69 years during the repetition of 3 nasalance passages that were categorized according to the amount of nasal consonants (oral, oronasal, and nasal passages). The Nasometer (model 6400) was used to obtain nasalance scores for the 3 reading passages.

Relationship between nasal valve changes and nasalance of the voice.

Objective: It is well known that the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses affect the acoustic characteristics of the voice as resonators. Any expansion in nasal valve area, the narrowest segment of the nasal cavity, affects the nasal resistance and therefore has the potential to alter the nasalance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nasal valve changes on nasalance of the voice by using an external nasal dilator strip that widens the nasal valve area.

An unusual case of anterior and posterior laryngeal cleft together: combined cleft of larynx.

Congenital clefts of the larynx are rare and usually found dorsally. An anterior or ventral cleft of the larynx is extremely rare. Only a few patients with this defect have been reported in the literature.

Choanal polyp originating from the nasal septum: septochoanal polyp.

Most of the nasal polyps arise from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity. Nasal polyps originating from the nasal septum with choanal extension are extremely rare. We report a case of large choanal polyp that arised from the posterosuperior aspect of the nasal septum, and extended down to the oropharynx.

Influence of age and gender on dose and effectiveness of botulinum toxin for laryngeal dystonia.

Objectives/hypothesis: To evaluate the influence of age and gender on the required dose and resulting efficacy of botulinum toxin injection for adductor laryngeal dystonia.

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Methods: All patients treated with botulinum toxin for laryngeal dystonia at the University of Washington Medical Center between 1991 and 2008 were identified from a large clinical database.

Efficiency of Stenger test in confirming profound, unilateral pseudohypacusis.

Objective: Conscious and deceptive exaggeration of hearing loss is termed pseudohypacusis. Even though the Stenger test has been used in the management of pseudohypacusis for almost a century, its sensitivity, specificity and predictive values for unilateral pseudohypacusis have not previously been reported, to our best knowledge. We investigated the efficiency of the Stenger test in detecting unilateral pseudohypacusis, accepting auditory brainstem response testing as the 'gold standard'.

Dosage changes in patients with long-term botulinum toxin use for laryngeal dystonia.

Objective: To investigate the dosage consistency of botulinum toxin injections in patients with long-term treatment for laryngeal dystonia.

Study Design: Chart review.

Subjects And Methods: Patients with laryngeal dystonia who had received at least 20 injections to the thyroarytenoid muscle were selected.