Effect of annealing temperature on structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide nanoparticles.

Titanium dioxide (TiO) nanoparticles (NPs) were produced by simple sol-gel technique and annealed for 2 h in air. The impact of annealing temperature on the physical, morphological, photocatalytic, and optical properties was studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements proved that a gradual phase change from anatase to rutile occurred with increased annealing temperature.