Measurement of hyper- and hypotension during repeated dose toxicity studies in either freely moving or physically restrained cynomolgus monkeys.

Introduction: The measurement of cardiovascular endpoints in standard toxicology studies remains a challenge as the routinely used non-invasive methods require physical restraint, causing an increase of sympathetic neural activity, leading to excitement and potentially hypertension in the experimental animals. In this study, a miniature telemetry blood pressure transmitter was used to evaluate if the acute hyper- and hypotension could be detected in free moving cynomolgus monkeys as well as physically restrained animals using positive control drugs. Furthermore, as a comparator, routine high definition oscillometry (HDO) was performed in restrained animals.

Penetration of bevacizumab through the retina after intravitreal injection in the monkey.

Purpose: The penetration of intravitreally injected bevacizumab in its commercial formulation (Avastin; Roche, Grenzach, Germany) through the retina was studied, to determine whether a full-length antibody would be able to penetrate the retina as easily as an antibody fragment.

Methods: Six cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were used in this study. Two compositions of intravitreal injection into the right eyes were performed: one with commercial Avastin (group 1, four animals) and the other one with commercial Avastin labeled with 125I (group 2, one animal).

A standardized approach for iris color determination.

Latanoprost, the phenyl-substituted prostaglandin F2alpha, has been found to be an effective agent for glaucoma therapy. This prostaglandin derivative exerts ocular hypotensive activity but is also associated with an untoward side effect, namely iris color changes. Latanoprost provoked iris color changes in cynomolgus monkeys and in multicenter clinical trials.

Safety and systemic absorption of pulmonary delivered human IFN-beta1a in the nonhuman primate: comparison with subcutaneous dosing.

Safety and bioavailability of pulmonary delivered interferon-beta 1a (IFN-beta1a, AVONEX, Biogen, Inc., Cambridge, MA) was evaluated in the nonhuman primate. Pulmonary bioavailability following intratracheal (i.