Progress towards the Replacement of the Rabbit Blood Sugar Test for the Quantitative Determination of the Biological Activity of Insulins (USP <121>) with an In Vitro Assay.

For the quantification of insulin activity, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) general chapter <121> continues to require the rabbit blood sugar test. For new insulin or insulin analogue compounds, those quantitative data are expected for stability or comparability studies. At Sanofi, many rabbits were used to fulfil the authority's requirements to obtain quantitative insulin bioactivity data until the in vivo test was replaced.

Lipid Profiles of Five Essential Phospholipid Preparations for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Comparative Study.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with an imbalance in fatty acid composition and can progress from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Essential phospholipids (EPL), which contain high levels of 1,2-dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine, can be used to treat NAFLD. Polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC) preparations are external, commercially available EPL products.

Comparison of metabolic and mitogenic response in vitro of the rapid-acting insulin lispro product SAR342434, and US- and EU-approved Humalog®.

SAR342434 is a biosimilar of insulin lispro (Humalog® U-100). Batches of SAR342434 were compared with Humalog® batches of either EU or US origin in a panel of in vitro biological assays that included insulin binding to insulin receptor (IR) isoforms A (IR-A) and B (IR-B) and IR-A/IR-B autophosphorylation. A surface plasmon resonance biosensor-based assay was developed to characterize the kinetics of insulin binding to solubilized full-length IR-A or IR-B.

Multisensory processing in the redundant-target effect: a behavioral and event-related potential study.

Participants respond more quickly to two simultaneously presented target stimuli of two different modalities (redundant targets) than would be predicted from their reaction times to the unimodal targets. To examine the neural correlates of this redundant-target effect, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to auditory, visual, and bimodal standard and target stimuli presented at two locations (left and right of central fixation). Bimodal stimuli were combinations of two standards, two targets, or a standard and a target, presented either from the same or from different locations.