Pyrrolo[2,3-]indazole as a novel chemotype for both influenza A virus and pneumococcal neuraminidase inhibitors.

Influenza infections are often exacerbated by secondary bacterial infections, primarily caused by . Both respiratory pathogens have neuraminidases that support infection. Therefore, we hypothesized that dual inhibitors of viral and bacterial neuraminidases might be an advantageous strategy for treating seasonal and pandemic influenza pneumonia complicated by bacterial infections.

Novel pleconaril derivatives: Influence of substituents in the isoxazole and phenyl rings on the antiviral activity against enteroviruses.

Today, there are no medicines to treat enterovirus and rhinovirus infections. In the present study, a series of novel pleconaril derivatives with substitutions in the isoxazole and phenyl rings was synthesized and evaluated for their antiviral activity against a panel of pleconaril-sensitive and -resistant enteroviruses. Studies of the structure-activity relationship demonstrate the crucial role of the N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl group in the isoxazole ring for antiviral activity against pleconaril-resistant viruses.

[Descriptive summary of the classical swine fever control in wild boar in Germany since 2005].

Classical swine fever (CSF) in wild boar repeatedly appeared in different federal states of the Federal Republic of Germany since 1995, from which it has been successfully eradicated sometimes fast, sometimes in a more time taking way using oral immunization as a main element of control. Since 2005 the cases focused solely on North Rhine-Westphalia and Rhineland-Palatinate. In the present study, therefore, the situation of CSF in wild boar has been closely investigated concerning the period 2005 to 2012 in these two regions.

Peritumoral administration of GPI-anchored TIMP-1 inhibits colon carcinoma growth in Rag-2 gamma chain-deficient mice.

Exogenous application of recombinant TIMP-1 protein modified by addition of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor allows efficient insertion of the fusion protein into cell membranes. This 'cell surface engineering' leads to changes in the proteolytic environment. TIMP-1-GPI shows enhanced as well as novel in vitro biological activities including suppression of proliferation, reduced migration, and inhibition of invasion of the colon carcinoma cell line SW480.

First occurrence of Culicoides obsoletus-transmitted Bluetongue virus epidemic in Central Europe.

In August 2006, Bluetongue virus disease (BTD) was detected for the first time in the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany and Northern France. Serological tests as well as reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) proved the occurrence of Bluetongue virus (BTV) in diseased sheep and cattle, and the virus was identified as serotype 8. Therefore, the search for possible vectors was immediately initiated in the outbreak region in Germany.

N- and 6-O-sulfated heparan sulfates mediate internalization of coxsackievirus B3 variant PD into CHO-K1 cells.

Recently, it was demonstrated that the coxsackievirus B3 variant PD (CVB3 PD) is able to infect coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR)-lacking cells by using heparan sulfates (HS) as additional receptors (A. E. Zautner, U.