The cysteine-rich virulence factor NipA of Arthrobotrys flagrans interferes with cuticle integrity of Caenorhabditis elegans.

Animals protect themself from microbial attacks by robust skins or a cuticle as in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nematode-trapping fungi, like Arthrobotrys flagrans, overcome the cuticle barrier and colonize the nematode body. While lytic enzymes are important for infection, small-secreted proteins (SSPs) without enzymatic activity, emerge as crucial virulence factors.

Bosea rubneri sp. nov. Isolated from Organically Grown Allium cepa.

Strain ZW T0_25 was isolated from an onion sample (Allium cepa var. Hytech F1) within a storage trial and proofed to be a novel, aerobic, Gram-stain negative, rod-shaped bacterial strain. Analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and of the whole draft genome sequences, i.

Surface wax in the ancestral grapevine Vitis sylvestris correlate with partial resistance to Powdery Mildew.

Background: Powdery Mildew of Grapevine belongs to the major diseases in viticulture and requires intensive use of fungicides. Genetic introgression of resistance factors from wild grapes from North America and, recently, China, has been successful, but wine made from those varieties is still confronted with low consumer acceptance, due to differences in taste.

Results: The current work explores the potential of Vitis vinifera sylvestris, the wild ancestor of domesticated Grapevine, with respect to containing Erysiphe necator, the causative agent of Powdery Mildew.

sp. nov. isolated from var. Rijnsburger, an onion landrace.

The novel, aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterial strain, ZW T2_19, was isolated from an onion sample ( var. Rijnsburger). Analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that ZW T2_19 represented a member of the genus but may represent a novel species of this genus.

Characterisation of iron oxide-containing pearlescent pigments used as food colourants: nano-labelling required in the EU?

Pearlescent pigments are used as colourants to increase the attractiveness of food products, especially in the patisserie and confectionery sector. They can be seen as composite materials and consist of thin potassium aluminium silicate (E 555, mica) platelets as carrier material, coated with a thin metal oxide layer of TiO (E 171) and/or iron oxides (E 172). The European Food Safety Authority stated in 2020 that mica-based pearlescent pigments as a whole should be evaluated as new food additives.

An Attempt to Relate Oleogel Properties to Wax Ester Chemical Structures.

Wax esters are considered to have a dominant contribution in the gelling properties of wax-based oleogels. To understand their gelling behavior, oleogels of seven different wax esters (total carbon number from 30 to 46; c = 10% [/]) in medium-chain triglycerides oil were characterized. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that wax esters crystallize in rhombic platelets with a thickness of 80 to 115 monomolecular layers.

sp. nov., isolated from bulk tank raw milk at a German dairy farm.

Here we present the description of a novel species, designated sp. nov., which was isolated from raw milk samples obtained from Germany.

Determination of the Transport Efficiency in spICP-MS Analysis Using Conventional Sample Introduction Systems: An Interlaboratory Comparison Study.

In single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS), the transport efficiency is fundamental for the correct determination of both particle number concentration and size. In the present study, transport efficiency was systematically determined on three different days with six carefully characterised gold nanoparticle (AuNP) suspensions and in seven European and US expert laboratories using different ICP-MS instruments and spICP-MS software. Both particle size-(TES)-and particle frequency-(TEF)-methods were applied.

sp. nov., a resveratrol-metabolizing bacterium isolated from human faeces and emended description of the genus .

The novel, anaerobic, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterial strain, ResAG-91, was isolated from a faecal sample of a male human volunteer. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain ResAG-91 showed high similarity to the type strains of subsp. and subsp.

Characterisation of TiO-containing pearlescent pigments with regard to the European Union labelling obligation of engineered nanomaterials in food.

A wide range of trendy food colourants and ready-to-eat foods containing pearlescent pigments providing glitter effects is currently on the market. These pearlescent pigments consist of mica (potassium aluminium silicate) platelets generally coated with titanium dioxide and/or iron oxides. All single components are approved food additives in the European Union (EU) (E 555, E 171 and E 172).

Intercellular communication is required for trap formation in the nematode-trapping fungus Duddingtonia flagrans.

Nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) are a large and diverse group of fungi, which may switch from a saprotrophic to a predatory lifestyle if nematodes are present. Different fungi have developed different trapping devices, ranging from adhesive cells to constricting rings. After trapping, fungal hyphae penetrate the worm, secrete lytic enzymes and form a hyphal network inside the body.

Rubneribacter badeniensis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Enteroscipio rubneri gen. nov., sp. nov., new members of the Eggerthellaceae isolated from human faeces.

Two novel, anaerobic, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterial strains, ResAG-85 and ResAG-96, were isolated from a faecal sample of a male human. 16S rRNA gene sequences analyses indicated that these strains represent a distinct lineage within the family Eggerthellaceae. Strain ResAG-85 showed 92.