Pharmacokinetics of zanamivir in critically ill patients undergoing continuous venovenous hemofiltration.

Background: Limited data exist for dosing of zanamivir in the setting of CVVH in the intensive care unit (ICU). Our objective is to report the pharmacokinetics and sieving coefficient (S) of zanamivir in patients receiving continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH).

Methods: In this prospective observational study, patients of ≥18 years admitted to the ICU with a life-threatening Influenza A or B infection, treated with zanamivir i.

Assessing methods of measuring medication adherence in chronically ill children-a narrative review.

Nonadherence in children who use long-term medication is a serious problem and assessing adherence is an important step to provide solutions to this problem. Medication adherence can be measured by several methods, including (a) self-report questionnaires or structured interviews, (b) therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), (c) electronic devices, and (d) pick-up/refill rates. The objective of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the literature about methods for the measurement of medication adherence in chronically ill children and adolescents.