Efficacy of body weight vs body surface area-based prednisolone regimen in nephrotic syndrome.

Background: Prednisolone dosing regimen based on body surface area (BSA) or body weight (BW) in managing uncomplicated nephrotic syndrome (NS) has been a matter of controversy.

Methods: In this parallel-arm randomized clinical trial, 60 children with uncomplicated NS in relapse were randomized to receive either of two regimens. Children of BW cohort received prednisolone (2 mg/kg/day) till remission (or 6 weeks for first episode); followed by 1.

Efficacy of Rituximab vs Tacrolimus in Pediatric Corticosteroid-Dependent Nephrotic Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Calcineurin inhibitors are an established first-line corticosteroid-sparing therapy for patients with corticosteroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (CDNS), whereas B-lymphocyte-depleting therapy is mostly used as a rescue for calcineurin inhibitor-resistant cases. The positive efficacy and safety profile of rituximab raises the question of whether it could be used as a first-line alternative to calcineurin inhibitor therapy.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of rituximab and tacrolimus in maintaining relapse-free survival among children with CDNS.

Acute Renal Failure Adversely Affects Survival in Pediatric Dengue Infection.

Aims: Dengue is currently one of the most important mosquito-borne viral infections. Acute renal failure (ARF) is a serious complication among children suffering from dengue infection.

Subjects And Methods: A retrospective cohort review of baseline characteristics, disease outcomes, and risk factors of dengue-infected patients, with and without renal failure (RF), were compared.

Efficacy and safety of rituximab in comparison with common induction therapies in pediatric active lupus nephritis.

Background: Childhood-onset lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most severe manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Despite treatment-related toxicities, cyclophosphamide (CYC) and glucocorticoid-based treatment protocols are still considered standard therapy in managing this multisystem disorder. An effective and safe alternative induction regimen is needed.

Efficacy and outcomes of continuous peritoneal dialysis versus daily intermittent hemodialysis in pediatric acute kidney injury.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) is associated with high patient morbidity and mortality. There is no consensus on the best RRT modality for pediatric AKI.

Methods: The efficacy and safety of continuous peritoneal dialysis (cPD) and daily intermittent hemodialysis (dHD) were compared in 136 children aged 1 month to 16 years requiring RRT for AKI.

Congenital chylous ascites treated successfully with MCT-Based formula and octreotide.

Medium chain triglyceride (MCT)-based diet, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and repeated paracentesis are considered as supportive management for congenital chylous ascites (CCA). TPN is considered where therapy with oral MCT is poorly tolerated by the patient especially young infant with unstable hemodynamic. Surgery is recommended when medical therapy fails.

Tuberous sclerosis presenting with hemorrhagic stroke.

Background: Incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with tuberous sclerosis is rare, and in most of the cases it is associated with either underlying cerebrovascular malformation or hemorrhage into the subependymal giant cell astrocytoma.

Case Characteristics: A 2-year-old boy presented with a hemorrhagic stroke, and subsequently diagnosed as a case of tuberous sclerosis.

Observation: Detailed work-up for stroke did not reveal any definite etiology.