A chemical inhibitor of IST1-CHMP1B interaction impairs endosomal recycling and induces noncanonical LC3 lipidation.

The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery constitutes multisubunit protein complexes that play an essential role in membrane remodeling and trafficking. ESCRTs regulate a wide array of cellular processes, including cytokinetic abscission, cargo sorting into multivesicular bodies (MVBs), membrane repair, and autophagy. Given the versatile functionality of ESCRTs, and the intricate organizational structure of the ESCRT machinery, the targeted modulation of distinct ESCRT complexes is considerably challenging.

Corrigendum: The pulmonary extracellular matrix is a bactericidal barrier against in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): implications for an innate host defense function of collagen VI.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.

An investigation of luminescence properties of CaF: Dy nanophosphor irradiated with gamma rays and low energy proton beams.

This paper reports the luminescence properties of nanocrystalline calcium fluoride doped with dysprosium (CaF: Dy). The nanophosphor has been synthesized by the chemical co-precipitation technique and the dopant concentration has been optimized at 0.3 mol% using thermoluminescence (TL) intensity emitted post 50Gy gamma dose irradiation of samples doped with different dopant concentrations.

Visual Acuity Screening in North Indian Schools: Testing Accuracy and Cost of Alternate Screening Models.

Purpose: Our study compares the sensitivity, specificity and cost of visual acuity screening as performed by all class teachers (ACTs), selected teachers (STs) and vision technicians (VTs) in north Indian schools.

Methods: Prospective cluster randomized control studies are conducted in schools in a rural block and an urban-slum of north India. Consenting schools, with a minimum of 800 students aged 6 to 17 years, within a defined study region in both locations, were randomised into three arms: ACTs, STs or VTs.

Door-to-door Screening as a New Model Augmenting School Eye Screening: Reaching Out to School Age Children in the Midst of a Pandemic.

Purpose: Explore door-to-door eye screening in India as a model to reach school age children in need of eye care, especially during school closures due to the Covid-19 pandemic.

Methods: Children between 5 and 18 years were screened in an urban-slum of Delhi from September 2020 to March 2021. Screening included capturing ocular complaints, visual acuity and conducting a torchlight examination.

Correction: Effect of Door-to-Door Screening and Awareness Generation Activities in the Catchment Areas of Vision Centers on Service Use: Protocol for a Randomized Experimental Study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/31951.].

Effect of Door-to-Door Screening and Awareness Generation Activities in the Catchment Areas of Vision Centers on Service Use: Protocol for a Randomized Experimental Study.

Background: A vision center (VC) is a significant eye care service model to strengthen primary eye care services. VCs have been set up at the block level, covering a population of 150,000-250,000 in rural areas in North India. Inadequate use by rural communities is a major challenge to sustainability of these VCs.

Peptidoglycan-Binding Anchor Is a OmpA Family Lipoprotein With Importance for Outer Membrane Vesicles, Biofilms, and the Periplasmic Shape.

The outer membrane protein A (OmpA) family contains an evolutionary conserved domain that links the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria to the semi-rigid peptidoglycan (PG) layer. The clinically significant pathogen carries several OmpA family proteins (OprF, OprL, PA0833, and PA1048) that share the PG-binding domain. These proteins are important for cell morphology, membrane stability, and biofilm and outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation.

Exploring the bacterial nano-universe.

Since the days of the first acknowledged microscopist, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, the 'animalcules', that is, bacteria and other microbes have been subject to increasingly detailed visualization. With the currently most sophisticated molecular imaging method; cryo electron tomography (Cryo-ET), we are reaching the milestone of being able to image an entire organism in a single dataset at nanometer resolution. Cryo-ET will enable the next revolution in our understanding of bacterial cells, their ultra-structure and intricate molecular nanomachines.

Compliance to the secondary prophylaxis and awareness of rheumatic heart disease: A cross-sectional study in low-income province of India.

Background: Rheumatic heart disease is a preventable problem and regular secondary prophylaxis and proper awareness about this disease among common people may reduce the burden of this disease in any region.

Objectives: To find out compliance to the secondary prophylaxis of Rheumatic heart disease and awareness about this disease among common people of Bihar.

Methodology: This was a questionnaire based cross sectional study to find out compliance to the secondary prophylaxis and awareness of Rheumatic heart disease, conducted at two tertiary care referral hospitals of Bihar.

Luminescence properties of tricalcium phosphate doped with dysprosium.

Tricalcium phosphate having effective atomic number Z = 15.785, equivalent to that of bones was studied for its thermoluminescence (TL) and photoluminescence (PL) properties. Different samples with varied concentrations of the dopant Dy (0.

Effect of γ-irradiation on thermal and thermoluminescence properties of polystyrene/europium (III) oxide composite film.

In the present study, polystyrene:europium (III) oxide polymer films at a ratio of 95:5 wt% were prepared using a solution casting technique. These polymeric films were irradiated with 5, 25 and 50 kGy γ-radiation doses and their thermoluminescence (TL) and thermal properties were studied as a function of radiation dose. Analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed different modes of vibration and polymer-filler interaction.

The Laminin Interactome: A Multifactorial Laminin-Binding Strategy by Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae for Effective Adherence and Colonization.

Laminin is a well-defined component of the airway basement membrane (BM). Efficient binding of laminin via multiple interactions is important for nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) colonization in the airway mucosa. In this study, we identified elongation factor thermo-unstable (EF-Tu), l-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), protein D (PD), and peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein P6 as novel laminin-binding proteins (Lbps) of NTHi.

Assays for Studying the Role of Vitronectin in Bacterial Adhesion and Serum Resistance.

Bacteria utilize complement regulators as a means of evading the host immune response. Here, we describe protocols for evaluating the role vitronectin acquisition at the bacterial cell surface plays in resistance to the host immune system. Flow cytometry experiments identified human plasma vitronectin as a ligand for the bacterial receptor outer membrane protein H of Haemophilus influenzae type f.

The Pulmonary Extracellular Matrix Is a Bactericidal Barrier Against in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Implications for an Innate Host Defense Function of Collagen VI.

Non-typeable (NTHi) is a Gram-negative human commensal commonly residing in the nasopharynx of preschool children. It occasionally causes upper respiratory tract infection such as acute otitis media, but can also spread to the lower respiratory tract causing bronchitis and pneumonia. There is increasing recognition that NTHi has an important role in chronic lower respiratory tract inflammation, particularly in persistent infection in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Genetic predisposition to infection in a case of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Most cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) are caused by infection with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). Genetic defects causing uncontrolled complement activation are associated with the more severe atypical HUS (aHUS). Non-EHEC infections can trigger the disease, however, complement defects predisposing to such infections have not yet been studied.

A review of the genus Basden in India, with descriptions of four new species from the Himalayan region (Diptera, Drosophilidae).

All Indian species of the genus Basden are reviewed, with descriptions of four new species, Fartyal & Toda, . of the species group and Kandpal & Singh, , Pradhan & Chatterjee, and Sati & Fartyal, of the species group. Two of the new species, and , were found visiting flowers of and , respectively.

The Adr1 Interacts with the C-Terminus of Human Vitronectin in a Salt-Sensitive Manner.

Spotted fever group (SFG) species are inoculated into the mammalian bloodstream by hematophagous arthropods. Once in the bloodstream and during dissemination, the survival of these pathogens is dependent upon the ability of these bacteria to evade serum-borne host defenses until a proper cellular host is reached. expresses an outer membrane protein, Adr1, which binds the complement inhibitory protein vitronectin to promote resistance to the anti-bacterial effects of the terminal complement complex.

The crystal structure of PD1, a Haemophilus surface fibril domain.

The Haemophilus surface fibril (Hsf) is an unusually large trimeric autotransporter adhesin (TAA) expressed by the most virulent strains of H. influenzae. Hsf is known to mediate adhesion between pathogen and host, allowing the establishment of potentially deadly diseases such as epiglottitis, meningitis and pneumonia.

PRELP Enhances Host Innate Immunity against the Respiratory Tract Pathogen .

Respiratory tract infections are one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide urging better understanding of interactions between pathogens causing these infections and the host. Here we report that an extracellular matrix component proline/arginine-rich end leucine-rich repeat protein (PRELP) is a novel antibacterial component of innate immunity. We detected the presence of PRELP in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and showed that PRELP can be found in alveolar fluid, resident macrophages/monocytes, myofibroblasts, and the adventitia of blood vessels in lung tissue.

Vitronectin Binds to a Specific Stretch within the Head Region of Yersinia Adhesin A and Thereby Modulates Yersinia enterocolitica Host Interaction.

Complement resistance is an important virulence trait of Yersinia enterocolitica (Ye). The predominant virulence factor expressed by Ye is Yersinia adhesin A (YadA), which enables bacterial attachment to host cells and extracellular matrix and additionally allows the acquisition of soluble serum factors. The serum glycoprotein vitronectin (Vn) acts as an inhibitory regulator of the terminal complement complex by inhibiting the lytic pore formation.

Kojic Acid Peptide: A New Compound with Anti-Tyrosinase Potential.

Background: Kojic acid was used for decades in the cosmetic industry as an antimelanogenic agent. However, there are two major drawbacks of Kojic acid, one is cytotoxicity and second are instability on storage. These limitations led the scientist to synthesize the active Kojic acid peptides.

Moonlighting of Helicobacter pylori catalase protects against complement-mediated killing by utilising the host molecule vitronectin.

Helicobacter pylori is an important human pathogen and a common cause of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. Despite H. pylori provoking strong innate and adaptive immune responses, the bacterium is able to successfully establish long-term infections.

The Respiratory Pathogen Moraxella catarrhalis Targets Collagen for Maximal Adherence to Host Tissues.

Unlabelled: Moraxella catarrhalis is a human respiratory pathogen that causes acute otitis media in children and is associated with exacerbations in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The first step in M. catarrhalis colonization is adherence to the mucosa, epithelial cells, and extracellular matrix (ECM).

Conserved Patterns of Microbial Immune Escape: Pathogenic Microbes of Diverse Origin Target the Human Terminal Complement Inhibitor Vitronectin via a Single Common Motif.

Pathogenicity of many microbes relies on their capacity to resist innate immunity, and to survive and persist in an immunocompetent human host microbes have developed highly efficient and sophisticated complement evasion strategies. Here we show that different human pathogens including Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, as well as the fungal pathogen Candida albicans, acquire the human terminal complement regulator vitronectin to their surface. By using truncated vitronectin fragments we found that all analyzed microbial pathogens (n = 13) bound human vitronectin via the same C-terminal heparin-binding domain (amino acids 352-374).