Evolution of sex differences in cooperation can be explained by trade-offs with dispersal.

Explaining the evolution of sex differences in cooperation remains a major challenge. Comparative studies highlight that offspring of the more philopatric sex tend to be more cooperative within their family groups than those of the more dispersive sex but we do not understand why. The leading "Philopatry hypothesis" proposes that the more philopatric sex cooperates more because their higher likelihood of natal breeding increases the direct fitness benefits of natal cooperation.

Building pondscapes for amphibian metapopulations.

The success of ponds constructed to restore ecological infrastructure for pond-breeding amphibians and benefit aquatic biodiversity depends on where and how they are built. We studied effects of pond and landscape characteristics, including connectivity, on metapopulation dynamics of 12 amphibian species in Switzerland. To understand the determinants of long-term occupancy (here summarized as incidence), environmental effects on both colonization and persistence should be considered.

Society of Critical Care Medicine Guidelines on Glycemic Control for Critically Ill Children and Adults 2024.

Rationale: Maintaining glycemic control of critically ill patients may impact outcomes such as survival, infection, and neuromuscular recovery, but there is equipoise on the target blood levels, monitoring frequency, and methods.

Objectives: The purpose was to update the 2012 Society of Critical Care Medicine and American College of Critical Care Medicine (ACCM) guidelines with a new systematic review of the literature and provide actionable guidance for clinicians.

Panel Design: The total multiprofessional task force of 22, consisting of clinicians and patient/family advocates, and a methodologist applied the processes described in the ACCM guidelines standard operating procedure manual to develop evidence-based recommendations in alignment with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Approach (GRADE) methodology.

Evaluation of nursing process competencies, nursing quality, and patient safety using virtual simulation with debriefing: A quasi-experimental study.

Background: Investing in clinical education is important for adult urgent and emergency surgery and traumatology as it promotes registered nurses' competencies by providing professional development training to respond to urgent or emergency surgeries.

Objective: To examine registered nurses' self-assessment of the effects of virtual video simulation with an immediate debriefing approach on nursing process competencies, nursing care quality, incomplete care, and patient safety in surgical units.

Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental two-group pre- and post-test design.

Development and psychometric testing of a competency of nursing process questionnaire.

Objectives: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a competency of nursing process questionnaire (CNPQ) for registered nurses in Cambodia.

Methods: Guided by the nursing process, an initial questionnaire was generated through focus group discussion, literature review, and the expert consultation. Finally, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were validated through a questionnaire survey online of 260 registered nurses selected from Complimentary Package Activities 1, 2, 3, and national hospitals from January to February 2022 in five geographic areas of Cambodia.

Nursing workforce characteristics and effect on life expectancy and under-five mortality in the ASEAN.

Aim: To assess the effects of the nursing workforce and advanced nursing practice on the outcomes of patients and life expectancy, including mortality rates of under-five children in Cambodia, and to develop policy recommendations to increase the influence of the nursing workforce.

Background: In low-middle-income nations, life expectancy and under-five mortality are important measures of public health. However, there is still a dearth of literature related to the nursing workforce in Southeast Asia.

Corneal Injury Risk Reduction During Sedation for Colonoscopy: An Evidence Based Practice Change.

Purpose: This evidence-based practice change project examined the use of supine positioning as a substitute for lateral positioning after sedation for endoscopic procedures for the purpose of preventing corneal injuries in this patient population.

Design: This study used a pre and post implementation design.

Methods: Retrospective data was collected over 12 months, including 4,422 endoscopic procedures for comparison to the prospective data collected after implementing the practice change, which totaled eight months and 3080 procedures.

Genomes of Novel Reveal Severely Curtailed Machineries for Predation and Cellular Differentiation.

Cultured are predominantly aerobic soil inhabitants, characterized by their highly coordinated predation and cellular differentiation capacities. Little is currently known regarding yet-uncultured from anaerobic, nonsoil habitats. We analyzed genomes representing one novel order (o__JAFGXQ01) and one novel family (f__JAFGIB01) in the from an anoxic freshwater spring (Zodletone Spring) in Oklahoma, USA.

Stand-scale climate change impacts on forests over large areas: transient responses and projection uncertainties.

The increasing impacts of climate change on forest ecosystems have triggered multiple model-based impact assessments for the future, which typically focused either on a small number of stand-scale case studies or on large scale analyses (i.e., continental to global).

Extraterritorial forays by great tits are associated with dawn song in unexpected ways.

Conspicuous male signals often play an important role in both attracting mates and deterring rivals. In territorial species with extrapair mating, female and male forays to other territories may be an important component underlying female choice and male mating success and might be influenced by male advertisement signals. Yet, whether off-territory foraying is associated with male signals is still not well understood.

Bayesian calibration of a growth-dependent tree mortality model to simulate the dynamics of European temperate forests.

Dynamic vegetation models (DVMs) are important tools to understand and predict the functioning and dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems under changing environmental conditions. In these models, uncertainty in the description of demographic processes, in particular tree mortality, is a persistent problem. Current mortality formulations lack realism and are insufficiently constrained by empirical evidence.

Delays in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Defibrillation, and Epinephrine Administration All Decrease Survival in In-hospital Cardiac Arrest.

What We Already Know About This Topic: Rapid response to witnessed, pulseless cardiac arrest is associated with increased survival.

What This Article Tells Us That Is New: Assessment of witnessed, pulseless cardiac arrests occurring at 538 hospitals during a 9-yr period indicates that CPR did not occur immediately at 0 min in 5.7% of patients despite guidelines for instantaneous initiation.

Comparison of Quantitative and Qualitative Oxygen Extraction Fraction (OEF) in Acute Stroke Patients with Large Vessel Occlusion.

The superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass (STA-MCA) bypass surgery developed by Donaghy and Yarsagil in 1967 provided relief for patients with acute stroke and large vessel occlusive vascular disease. Early reports showed low morbidity and good outcomes. However, a large clinical trial in 1985 reported a failure of extracranial-intracranial (EC/IC) bypass to show benefit in reducing the risk of stroke compared to best medical treatment.

Accuracy of Temporal Artery Thermometry as an Indicator of Core Body Temperature in Patients Receiving General Anesthesia.

Purpose: To evaluate the agreement of temporal artery temperature (Tat) with esophageal temperature (Tes) and oral temperature (Tor), and explore potential factors associated with the level of agreement between the thermometry methods in different clinical settings.

Design: A prospective repeated measures (induction, emergence, and postanesthesia care unit) design was used.

Methods: Temperature data were collected for 54 patients receiving general anesthesia.

Use of personal protective equipment among health care personnel: Results of clinical observations and simulations.

Background: Very little is known about how health care personnel (HCP) actually use personal protective equipment (PPE).

Methods: The clinical PPE practices of 50 HCP from selected units at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Presbyterian Hospital were videotaped with HCP consent. For 2 PPE simulation sessions (simple and full-body sets), 82 HCP were recruited throughout the UPMC system.

The agony of choice: different empirical mortality models lead to sharply different future forest dynamics.

Dynamic models are pivotal for projecting forest dynamics in a changing climate, from the local to the global scale. They encapsulate the processes of tree population dynamics with varying resolution. Yet, almost invariably, tree mortality is modeled based on simple, theoretical assumptions that lack a physiological and/or empirical basis.

Case report: proximal tubule impairment following volatile anesthetic exposure.

The safety of contemporary volatile anesthetic agents with respect to kidney function is well established, and growing evidence suggests that volatile anesthetics even protect against ischemic nephropathy. However, studies examining effects of volatile anesthetics on kidney function frequently demonstrate transient proteinuria and glycosuria following exposure to these agents, although the cause of these findings has not been thoroughly examined. We describe the case of a patient who underwent a neurosurgical procedure, then experienced glycosuria without hyperglycemia that resolved within days.

Guidelines for the use of an insulin infusion for the management of hyperglycemia in critically ill patients.

Objective: To evaluate the literature and identify important aspects of insulin therapy that facilitate safe and effective infusion therapy for a defined glycemic end point.

Methods: Where available, the literature was evaluated using Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology to assess the impact of insulin infusions on outcome for general intensive care unit patients and those in specific subsets of neurologic injury, traumatic injury, and cardiovascular surgery. Elements that contribute to safe and effective insulin infusion therapy were determined through literature review and expert opinion.

Increased cerebral oxygen metabolism and ischemic stress in subjects with metabolic syndrome-associated risk factors: preliminary observations.

Hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia are risk factors that characterize metabolic syndrome (MetS), which increases the risk for stroke by 40%. In a preliminary study, our aim was to evaluate cerebrovascular reactivity and oxygen metabolism in subjects free of vascular disease but with one or more of these risk factors. Volunteers (n=15) 59±15 (mean±SD)years of age clear of cerebrovascular disease by magnetic resonance angiography but with one or more risk factors were studied by quantitative positron emission tomography for measure ment of cerebral blood flow, oxygen consumption, oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and acetazolamide cerebrovascular reactivity.

Effect of a simulation educational intervention on knowledge, attitude, and patient transfer skills: from the simulation laboratory to the clinical setting.

Introduction: Musculoskeletal injury in the workplace is the primary work-related factor in loss of nursing personnel from the workforce. Moving or transferring patients is the dominant contributing event. A simulation educational approach has not been closely studied in this area but may have advantages over traditional approaches.

Willingness to perform mouth-to-mouth ventilation by health care providers: a survey.

Background: During cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), mouth-to-mouth ventilation (MTM) is only effective if rescuers are willing to perform it.

Methods: To assess the degree of willingness or reluctance in performing MTM, a survey including 17 hypothetical scenarios was created. In each scenario health hazards for the rescuer needed to be balanced against the patient's need for MTM.