Metabolic analysis of polymeric proanthocyanidins related to red pigmentation in Camellia drupifera cv. 'Hongrou No.1' mesocarps.

Red mesocarp, characterized as a unique pigment trait of newly identified Camellia drupifera cv. 'Hongrou No.1'('HR'), is believed to act as the plant's protective shield against diverse adversities.

Effect of Photoperiod Duration on Flower Bud Differentiation and Related Gene Expression in 'Sao Paulo'.

Background: Environmental conditions, such as photoperiod, affect the developmental response of plants; thus, plants have evolved molecular mechanisms to adapt to changes in photoperiod. In spp., the mechanism of flower formation underlying flowering control techniques remains poorly understood, and the physiological changes that occur during flower bud formation and the expression of related genes are not yet fully understood.

Quantitative analysis of MBW complex formation in the context of trichome patterning.

Trichome patterning in is regulated by , and (MBW) genes. These are considered to form a trimeric MBW protein complex that promotes trichome formation. The MBW proteins are engaged in a regulatory network to select trichome cells among epidermal cells through R3MYB proteins that can move between cells and repress the MBW complex by competitive binding with the R2R3MYB to the bHLHL protein.

Integrative Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis to Reveal Red Leaf Coloration in Shiya Tea ().

Background: , commonly known as Shiya tea, is a healthcare drink enriched in several phenolic acids and flavonoids, with a purple-red leaf variety possessing a unique flavor and a higher economic value. However, the mechanisms underlying leaf coloration and senescence discoloration remain unknown.

Methods: Here, we compared both varieties of (purple-red leaf, RL, and green leaf, GL) at two stages of development.

Transcriptome and metabolome analyses provide insights into the relevance of pericarp thickness variations in and .

fruit is a woody edible oil source with a recalcitrant pericarp, which increases processing costs. However, the relevance of pericarp thickness variations in species remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to identify pericarp differences at the metabolic and transcription levels between thick-pericarp BG and thin-pericarp SG.

Integrative Analysis of the Metabolome and Transcriptome of a Cultivated Pepper and Its Wild Progenitor Chiltepin ( L. var. ) Revealed the Loss of Pungency During Domestication.

Pungency is a unique characteristic of chili peppers ( spp.) caused by capsaicinoids. The evolutionary emergence of pungency is thought to be a derived trait within the genus .

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of (Annonaceae).

(Annonaceae) is endemic to China, this plant has high medicinal value and broad application prospect. In this study, we assembled and systematically analyzed the chloroplast genome of on the basis of DNA sequencing using high-throughput techniques. The chloroplast sequence of was 178,195 bp in length, including two inverted repeat regions of 42,150 bp, a large single-copy region of 90,797 bp and a small single-copy region of 3098 bp.

Identification of the Trichome Patterning Core Network Using Data from Weak ttg1 Alleles to Constrain the Model Space.

The regular distribution of trichomes on leaves in Arabidopsis is a well-understood model system for two-dimensional pattern formation. It involves more than 10 genes and is governed by two patterning principles, the activator-inhibitor (AI) and the activator-depletion (AD) mechanisms, though their relative contributions are unknown. The complexity of gene interactions, protein interactions, and intra- and intercellular mobility of proteins makes it very challenging to understand which aspects are relevant for pattern formation.

Evolutionary comparison of competitive protein-complex formation of MYB, bHLH, and WDR proteins in plants.

A protein complex consisting of a MYB, basic Helix-Loop-Helix, and a WDR protein, the MBW complex, regulates five traits, namely the production of anthocyanidin, proanthocyanidin, and seed-coat mucilage, and the development of trichomes and root hairs. For complexes involved in trichome and root hair development it has been shown that the interaction of two MBW proteins can be counteracted by the respective third protein (called competitive complex formation). We examined competitive complex formation for selected MBW proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabis alpina, Gossypium hirsutum, Petunia hybrida, and Zea mays.

Evolutionary Analysis of MBW Function by Phenotypic Rescue in .

The MBW complex consisting of the three proteins R2R3MYB, bHLH and WDR regulates five traits in including trichome and root hair patterning, seed coat color, anthocyanidin production and seed coat mucilage release. The WDR gene regulates each trait in specific combinations with different bHLH and R2R3MYB proteins. In this study we analyze to what extent the biochemical properties of the MBW proteins contribute to trait specificity by expressing them in appropriate mutants.

TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1-Dependent Regulation of Flavonoid Biosynthesis.

The flavonoid composition of various tissues throughout plant development is of biological relevance and particular interest for breeding. TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 (AtTTG1) is an essential regulator of late structural genes in flavonoid biosynthesis. Here, we provide a review of the regulation of the pathway's core enzymes through AtTTG1-containing R2R3-MYELOBLASTOSIS-basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX-WD40 repeat (MBW(AtTTG1)) complexes embedded in an evolutionary context.

The Second Intron Is Essential for the Transcriptional Control of the Gene in Leaves.

The gene is a major regulator of trichome patterning in The regulatory regions important for the trichome-specific expression of have not been characterized yet. In this study, we used a combination of marker and rescue constructs to determine the relevant promoter regions. We demonstrate that a 1 kb 5' region combined with the second intron is sufficient to rescue the trichome mutant phenotype of mutants.

Dissecting functions of KATANIN and WRINKLED1 in cotton fiber development by virus-induced gene silencing.

Most of the world's natural fiber comes from cotton (Gossypium spp.), which is an important crop worldwide. Characterizing genes that regulate cotton yield and fiber quality is expected to benefit the sustainable production of natural fiber.

Musa paradisica RCI complements AtRCI and confers Na+ tolerance and K+ sensitivity in Arabidopsis.

The mechanisms involved in Na⁺/K⁺ uptake and extrusion are important in plant salt tolerance. In this study, we investigated the physiological role of a plasma membrane (PM)-localized protein, MpRCI, from plantain in transgenic Arabidopsis under NaCl and KCl stress and determined its effect on PM fluidity and H⁺-ATPase activity. The MpRCI gene exhibited high homology to the AtRCI2 gene family in Arabidopsis and was therefore able to complement for loss of the yeast AtRCI2-related PMP3 gene.