Interleukin-33 inhibits glucose uptake in human adipocytes and its expression in adipose tissue is elevated in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is associated with obesity-related inflammation. We aim to investigate IL-33 expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) subjects and its effects on human adipocyte glucose uptake.

Methods: Expression of IL-33 was analysed in SAT from cohort studies including subjects with and without obesity and T2D and correlated with insulin resistance and obesity markers.

Response of multiple hormones to glucose and arginine challenge in T2DM after gastric bypass.

Purpose: In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) leads to beneficial metabolic adaptations, including enhanced incretin secretion, beta-cell function, and systemic insulin sensitivity. We explored the impact of RYGB on pituitary, pancreatic, gut hormones, and cortisol responses to parenteral and enteral nutrient stimulation in patients with obesity and T2DM with repeated sampling up to 2 years after intervention.

Methods: We performed exploratory post hoc analyses in a previously reported randomized trial.

Excess glucocorticoid exposure contributes to adipose tissue fibrosis which involves macrophage interaction with adipose precursor cells.

Chronic exposure to elevated glucocorticoid levels, as seen in patients with Cushing's syndrome, can induce adipose tissue fibrosis. Macrophages play a pivotal role in adipose tissue remodelling. We used the synthetic glucocorticoid analogue dexamethasone to address glucocorticoid effects on adipose tissue fibrosis, in particular involving macrophage to preadipocyte communication.

Evaluation of RNA Isolation Methods in Human Adipose Tissue.

Objective: Research has shown that RNA extraction from adipose tissue (AT) is challenging because of high lipid content and low RNA quantity. We compared a traditional RNA extraction with a column-based method in human AT to evaluate RNA quantity and quality.

Materials And Methods: Human subcutaneous AT (n = 9) was collected through needle biopsy, and RNA was extracted using the phenol-chloroform traditional method and the RNeasy Lipid Tissue Mini Kit column-based method.

Impaired HMG-CoA Reductase Activity Caused by Genetic Variants or Statin Exposure: Impact on Human Adipose Tissue, β-Cells and Metabolome.

Inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase is associated with an increased risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes. We studied the association of genetic or pharmacological HMG-CoA reductase inhibition with plasma and adipose tissue (AT) metabolome and AT metabolic pathways. We also investigated the effects of statin-mediated pharmacological inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase on systemic insulin sensitivity by measuring the HOMA-IR index in subjects with or without statin therapy.